defmodule RDF.Dataset do
  @moduledoc """
  Defines a RDF Dataset.

  A `RDF.Dataset` represents a set of `RDF.Dataset`s.
  """
  defstruct name: nil, graphs: %{}

  @behaviour Access

  alias RDF.{Graph, Description}
  import RDF.Statement

  @type t :: module


  @doc """
  Creates an empty unnamed `RDF.Dataset`.
  """
  def new,
    do: %RDF.Dataset{}

  @doc """
  Creates an unnamed `RDF.Dataset` with an initial statement.
  """
  def new(statement) when is_tuple(statement),
    do: new() |> add(statement)

  @doc """
  Creates an unnamed `RDF.Dataset` with initial statements.
  """
  def new(statements) when is_list(statements),
    do: new() |> add(statements)

  @doc """
  Creates an unnamed `RDF.Dataset` with a `RDF.Description`.
  """
  def new(%RDF.Description{} = description),
    do: new() |> add(description)

  @doc """
  Creates an unnamed `RDF.Dataset` with a `RDF.Graph`.
  """
  def new(%RDF.Graph{} = graph),
    do: new() |> add(graph, graph.name)


  @doc """
  Creates an empty named `RDF.Dataset`.
  """
  def new(name),
    do: %RDF.Dataset{name: RDF.uri(name)}

  @doc """
  Creates a named `RDF.Dataset` with an initial statement.
  """
  def new(name, statement) when is_tuple(statement),
    do: new(name) |> add(statement)

  @doc """
  Creates a named `RDF.Dataset` with initial statements.
  """
  def new(name, statements) when is_list(statements),
    do: new(name) |> add(statements)

  @doc """
  Creates a named `RDF.Dataset` with a `RDF.Description`.
  """
  def new(name, %RDF.Description{} = description),
    do: new(name) |> add(description)

  @doc """
  Creates a named `RDF.Dataset` with a `RDF.Graph`.
  """
  def new(name, %RDF.Graph{} = graph),
    do: new(name) |> add(graph, graph.name)



  @doc """
  Adds triples and quads to a `RDF.Dataset`.

  The optional third argument `graph_context` defaulting to `nil` for the default
  graph, specifies the graph to which the statements are added.

  Note: This also applies when adding a named graph. Its name is ignored over
  `graph_context` and its default value.
  """
  def add(dataset, statements, graph_context \\ nil)

  def add(dataset, statements, graph_context) when is_list(statements) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      Enum.reduce statements, dataset, fn (statement, dataset) ->
        add(dataset, statement, graph_context)
      end
    end
  end

  def add(dataset, {subject, predicate, objects}, graph_context),
    do: add(dataset, {subject, predicate, objects, graph_context})

  def add(%RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: graphs},
          {subject, predicate, objects, graph_context}, _) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      updated_graphs =
        Map.update(graphs, graph_context,
          Graph.new(graph_context, {subject, predicate, objects}),
            fn graph -> Graph.add(graph, {subject, predicate, objects}) end)
      %RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: updated_graphs}
    end
  end

  def add(%RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: graphs},
          %Description{} = description, graph_context) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      updated_graph =
        Map.get(graphs, graph_context, Graph.new(graph_context))
        |> Graph.add(description)
      %RDF.Dataset{
        name:   name,
        graphs: Map.put(graphs, graph_context, updated_graph)
      }
    end
  end

  def add(%RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: graphs}, %Graph{} = graph,
          graph_context) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      %RDF.Dataset{name: name,
        graphs:
          Map.update(graphs, graph_context, Graph.new(graph_context, graph), fn current ->
            current |> Graph.add(graph)
          end)
      }
    end
  end


  @doc """
  Adds statements to a `RDF.Dataset` and overwrites all existing statements with the same subjects and predicates in the specified graph context.

  # Examples

      iex> dataset = RDF.Dataset.new({EX.S, EX.P1, EX.O1})
      ...> RDF.Dataset.put(dataset, {EX.S, EX.P1, EX.O2})
      RDF.Dataset.new({EX.S, EX.P1, EX.O2})
      iex> RDF.Dataset.put(dataset, {EX.S, EX.P2, EX.O2})
      RDF.Dataset.new([{EX.S, EX.P1, EX.O1}, {EX.S, EX.P2, EX.O2}])
      iex> RDF.Dataset.new([{EX.S1, EX.P1, EX.O1}, {EX.S2, EX.P2, EX.O2}]) |>
      ...>   RDF.Dataset.put([{EX.S1, EX.P2, EX.O3}, {EX.S2, EX.P2, EX.O3}])
      RDF.Dataset.new([{EX.S1, EX.P1, EX.O1}, {EX.S1, EX.P2, EX.O3}, {EX.S2, EX.P2, EX.O3}])

  Note: When using a map to pass the statements you'll have to take care for yourselve to
    avoid using subject key clashes due to using inconsistent, semantically equivalent forms.

      iex> RDF.Dataset.put(RDF.Dataset.new, %{
      ...>       EX.S       => [{EX.P, EX.O1}],
      ...>      {EX.S, nil} => [{EX.P, EX.O2}]})
      RDF.Dataset.new({EX.S, EX.P, EX.O2})

  The last always always wins in these cases. This decision was made to mitigate
  performance drawbacks. The list form will always take care of this for you:

      iex> RDF.Dataset.put(RDF.Dataset.new, [
      ...>      {EX.S, EX.P, EX.O1},
      ...>      {EX.S, EX.P, EX.O2, nil}])
      RDF.Dataset.new({EX.S, EX.P, EX.O1}, {EX.S, EX.P, EX.O2})
  """
  def put(dataset, statements, graph_context \\ nil)

  def put(%RDF.Dataset{} = dataset, {subject, predicate, objects}, graph_context),
    do: put(dataset, {subject, predicate, objects, graph_context})

  def put(%RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: graphs},
          {subject, predicate, objects, graph_context}, _) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      new_graph =
        case graphs[graph_context] do
          graph = %Graph{} ->
            Graph.put(graph, {subject, predicate, objects})
          nil ->
            Graph.new(graph_context, {subject, predicate, objects})
        end
      %RDF.Dataset{name: name,
          graphs: Map.put(graphs, graph_context, new_graph)}
    end
  end

  def put(%RDF.Dataset{} = dataset, statements, graph_context)
        when is_list(statements) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      put dataset, Enum.group_by(statements,
          fn
            {s, _, _, nil}                       -> s
            {s, _, _, c}                         -> {s, c}
            {s, _, _} when is_nil(graph_context) -> s
            {s, _, _}                            -> {s, graph_context}
          end,
          fn
            {_, p, o, _} -> {p, o}
            {_, p, o}    -> {p, o}
          end)
    end
  end

  def put(%RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: graphs},
          %Description{} = description, graph_context) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      updated_graph =
        Map.get(graphs, graph_context, Graph.new(graph_context))
        |> Graph.put(description)
      %RDF.Dataset{
        name:   name,
        graphs: Map.put(graphs, graph_context, updated_graph)
      }
    end
  end

  def put(%RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: graphs}, %Graph{} = graph,
          graph_context) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      %RDF.Dataset{name: name,
        graphs:
          Map.update(graphs, graph_context, Graph.new(graph_context, graph), fn current ->
            current |> Graph.put(graph)
          end)
      }
    end
  end

  def put(%RDF.Dataset{} = dataset, statements, graph_context)
        when is_map(statements) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      Enum.reduce statements, dataset,
        fn ({subject_with_context, predications}, dataset) ->
          put(dataset, subject_with_context, predications, graph_context)
        end
    end
  end

  def put(%RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: graphs},
            {subject, graph_context}, predications, default_graph_context)
        when is_list(predications) do
    with graph_context = graph_context || default_graph_context,
         graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      graph = Map.get(graphs, graph_context, Graph.new(graph_context))
      new_graphs = graphs
        |> Map.put(graph_context, Graph.put(graph, subject, predications))
      %RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: new_graphs}
    end
  end

  def put(%RDF.Dataset{} = dataset, subject, predications, graph_context)
        when is_list(predications),
    do: put(dataset, {subject, graph_context}, predications, graph_context)



  @doc """
  Fetches the `RDF.Graph` with the given name.

  When a graph with the given name can not be found can not be found `:error` is returned.

  # Examples

      iex> dataset = RDF.Dataset.new([{EX.S1, EX.P1, EX.O1, EX.Graph}, {EX.S2, EX.P2, EX.O2}])
      ...> RDF.Dataset.fetch(dataset, EX.Graph)
      {:ok, RDF.Graph.new(EX.Graph, {EX.S1, EX.P1, EX.O1})}
      iex> RDF.Dataset.fetch(dataset, nil)
      {:ok, RDF.Graph.new({EX.S2, EX.P2, EX.O2})}
      iex> RDF.Dataset.fetch(dataset, EX.Foo)
      :error
  """
  def fetch(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}, graph_name) do
    Access.fetch(graphs, convert_graph_name(graph_name))
  end

  @doc """
  Fetches the `RDF.Graph` with the given name.

  When a graph with the given name can not be found can not be found the optionally
  given default value or `nil` is returned

  # Examples

      iex> dataset = RDF.Dataset.new([{EX.S1, EX.P1, EX.O1, EX.Graph}, {EX.S2, EX.P2, EX.O2}])
      ...> RDF.Dataset.get(dataset, EX.Graph)
      RDF.Graph.new(EX.Graph, {EX.S1, EX.P1, EX.O1})
      iex> RDF.Dataset.get(dataset, nil)
      RDF.Graph.new({EX.S2, EX.P2, EX.O2})
      iex> RDF.Dataset.get(dataset, EX.Foo)
      nil
      iex> RDF.Dataset.get(dataset, EX.Foo, :bar)
      :bar
  """
  def get(%RDF.Dataset{} = dataset, graph_name, default \\ nil) do
    case fetch(dataset, graph_name) do
      {:ok, value} -> value
      :error       -> default
    end
  end

  @doc """
  The graph with given name.
  """
  def graph(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}, graph_name),
    do: Map.get(graphs, convert_graph_name(graph_name))

  @doc """
  The default graph of a `RDF.Dataset`.
  """
  def default_graph(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}),
    do: Map.get(graphs, nil, Graph.new)


  @doc """
  The set of all graphs.
  """
  def graphs(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}), do: graphs


  @doc """
  Gets and updates the graph with the given name, in a single pass.

  Invokes the passed function on the `RDF.Graph` with the given name;
  this function should return either `{graph_to_return, new_graph}` or `:pop`.

  If the passed function returns `{graph_to_return, new_graph}`, the
  return value of `get_and_update` is `{graph_to_return, new_dataset}` where
  `new_dataset` is the input `Dataset` updated with `new_graph` for
  the given name.

  If the passed function returns `:pop` the graph with the given name is
  removed and a `{removed_graph, new_dataset}` tuple gets returned.

  # Examples

      iex> dataset = RDF.Dataset.new({EX.S, EX.P, EX.O, EX.Graph})
      ...> RDF.Dataset.get_and_update(dataset, EX.Graph, fn current_graph ->
      ...>     {current_graph, {EX.S, EX.P, EX.NEW}}
      ...>   end)
      {RDF.Graph.new(EX.Graph, {EX.S, EX.P, EX.O}), RDF.Dataset.new({EX.S, EX.P, EX.NEW, EX.Graph})}
  """
  def get_and_update(%RDF.Dataset{} = dataset, graph_name, fun) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_name) do
      case fun.(get(dataset, graph_context)) do
        {old_graph, new_graph} ->
          {old_graph, put(dataset, new_graph, graph_context)}
        :pop ->
          pop(dataset, graph_context)
        other ->
          raise "the given function must return a two-element tuple or :pop, got: #{inspect(other)}"
      end
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Pops the graph with the given name.

  When a graph with given name can not be found the optionally given default value
  or `nil` is returned.

  # Examples

      iex> dataset = RDF.Dataset.new([
      ...>   {EX.S1, EX.P1, EX.O1, EX.Graph},
      ...>   {EX.S2, EX.P2, EX.O2}])
      ...> RDF.Dataset.pop(dataset, EX.Graph)
      {RDF.Graph.new(EX.Graph, {EX.S1, EX.P1, EX.O1}), RDF.Dataset.new({EX.S2, EX.P2, EX.O2})}
      iex> RDF.Dataset.pop(dataset, EX.Foo)
      {nil, dataset}
  """
  def pop(%RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: graphs} = dataset, graph_name) do
    case Access.pop(graphs, convert_graph_name(graph_name)) do
      {nil, _} ->
        {nil, dataset}
      {graph, new_graphs} ->
        {graph, %RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: new_graphs}}
    end
  end



  @doc """
  The number of statements within a `RDF.Dataset`.

  # Examples

      iex> RDF.Dataset.new([
      ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p1, EX.O1, EX.Graph},
      ...>   {EX.S2, EX.p2, EX.O2},
      ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p2, EX.O3}]) |>
      ...>   RDF.Dataset.statement_count
      3
  """
  def statement_count(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}) do
    Enum.reduce graphs, 0, fn ({_, graph}, count) ->
      count + Graph.triple_count(graph)
    end
  end

  @doc """
  The set of all subjects used in the statement within all graphs of a `RDF.Dataset`.

  # Examples

      iex> RDF.Dataset.new([
      ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p1, EX.O1, EX.Graph},
      ...>   {EX.S2, EX.p2, EX.O2},
      ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p2, EX.O3}]) |>
      ...>   RDF.Dataset.subjects
      MapSet.new([RDF.uri(EX.S1), RDF.uri(EX.S2)])
  """
  def subjects(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}) do
    Enum.reduce graphs, MapSet.new, fn ({_, graph}, subjects) ->
      MapSet.union(subjects, Graph.subjects(graph))
    end
  end

  @doc """
  The set of all properties used in the predicates within all graphs of a `RDF.Dataset`.

  # Examples

      iex> RDF.Dataset.new([
      ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p1, EX.O1, EX.Graph},
      ...>   {EX.S2, EX.p2, EX.O2},
      ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p2, EX.O3}]) |>
      ...>   RDF.Dataset.predicates
      MapSet.new([EX.p1, EX.p2])
  """
  def predicates(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}) do
    Enum.reduce graphs, MapSet.new, fn ({_, graph}, predicates) ->
      MapSet.union(predicates, Graph.predicates(graph))
    end
  end

  @doc """
  The set of all resources used in the objects within a `RDF.Dataset`.

  Note: This function does collect only URIs and BlankNodes, not Literals.

  # Examples

      iex> RDF.Dataset.new([
      ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p1, EX.O1, EX.Graph},
      ...>   {EX.S2, EX.p2, EX.O2, EX.Graph},
      ...>   {EX.S3, EX.p1, EX.O2},
      ...>   {EX.S4, EX.p2, RDF.bnode(:bnode)},
      ...>   {EX.S5, EX.p3, "foo"}
      ...> ]) |> RDF.Dataset.objects
      MapSet.new([RDF.uri(EX.O1), RDF.uri(EX.O2), RDF.bnode(:bnode)])
  """
  def objects(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}) do
    Enum.reduce graphs, MapSet.new, fn ({_, graph}, objects) ->
      MapSet.union(objects, Graph.objects(graph))
    end
  end

  @doc """
  The set of all resources used within a `RDF.Dataset`.

  # Examples

    iex> RDF.Dataset.new([
    ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p1, EX.O1, EX.Graph},
    ...>   {EX.S2, EX.p1, EX.O2, EX.Graph},
    ...>   {EX.S2, EX.p2, RDF.bnode(:bnode)},
    ...>   {EX.S3, EX.p1, "foo"}
    ...> ]) |> RDF.Dataset.resources
    MapSet.new([RDF.uri(EX.S1), RDF.uri(EX.S2), RDF.uri(EX.S3),
      RDF.uri(EX.O1), RDF.uri(EX.O2), RDF.bnode(:bnode), EX.p1, EX.p2])
  """
  def resources(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}) do
    Enum.reduce graphs, MapSet.new, fn ({_, graph}, resources) ->
      MapSet.union(resources, Graph.resources(graph))
    end
  end

  @doc """
  All statements within all graphs of a `RDF.Dataset`.

  # Examples

        iex> RDF.Dataset.new([
        ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p1, EX.O1, EX.Graph},
        ...>   {EX.S2, EX.p2, EX.O2},
        ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p2, EX.O3}]) |>
        ...>   RDF.Dataset.statements
        [{RDF.uri(EX.S1), RDF.uri(EX.p1), RDF.uri(EX.O1), RDF.uri(EX.Graph)},
         {RDF.uri(EX.S1), RDF.uri(EX.p2), RDF.uri(EX.O3)},
         {RDF.uri(EX.S2), RDF.uri(EX.p2), RDF.uri(EX.O2)}]
  """
  def statements(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}) do
    Enum.reduce graphs, [], fn ({_, graph}, all_statements) ->
      statements = Graph.triples(graph)
      if graph.name do
        Enum.map statements, fn {s, p, o} -> {s, p, o, graph.name} end
      else
        statements
      end ++ all_statements
    end
  end


  @doc """
  Returns if a given statement is in a `RDF.Dataset`.

  # Examples

        iex> dataset = RDF.Dataset.new([
        ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p1, EX.O1, EX.Graph},
        ...>   {EX.S2, EX.p2, EX.O2},
        ...>   {EX.S1, EX.p2, EX.O3}])
        ...> RDF.Dataset.include?(dataset, {EX.S1, EX.p1, EX.O1, EX.Graph})
        true
  """
  def include?(dataset, statement, graph_context \\ nil)

  def include?(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}, triple = {_, _, _}, graph_context) do
    with graph_context = convert_graph_name(graph_context) do
      if graph = graphs[graph_context] do
        Graph.include?(graph, triple)
      else
        false
      end
    end
  end

  def include?(%RDF.Dataset{} = description,
                              {subject, predicate, object, graph_context}, _),
    do: include?(description, {subject, predicate, object}, graph_context)


  # TODO: Can/should we isolate and move the Enumerable specific part to the Enumerable implementation?

  def reduce(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs}, {:cont, acc}, _fun)
    when map_size(graphs) == 0, do: {:done, acc}

  def reduce(%RDF.Dataset{} = dataset, {:cont, acc}, fun) do
    {statement, rest} = RDF.Dataset.pop(dataset)
    reduce(rest, fun.(statement, acc), fun)
  end

  def reduce(_,       {:halt, acc}, _fun), do: {:halted, acc}
  def reduce(dataset = %RDF.Dataset{}, {:suspend, acc}, fun) do
    {:suspended, acc, &reduce(dataset, &1, fun)}
  end


  def pop(%RDF.Dataset{graphs: graphs} = dataset)
    when graphs == %{}, do: {nil, dataset}

  def pop(%RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: graphs}) do
#    # TODO: Find a faster way ...
    [{graph_name, graph}] = Enum.take(graphs, 1)
    {{s, p, o}, popped_graph} = Graph.pop(graph)
    popped = if Enum.empty?(popped_graph),
      do:   graphs |> Map.delete(graph_name),
      else: graphs |> Map.put(graph_name, popped_graph)

    {{s, p, o, graph_name}, %RDF.Dataset{name: name, graphs: popped}}
  end

end

defimpl Enumerable, for: RDF.Dataset do
  def reduce(graph, acc, fun),   do: RDF.Dataset.reduce(graph, acc, fun)
  def member?(graph, statement), do: {:ok, RDF.Dataset.include?(graph, statement)}
  def count(graph),              do: {:ok, RDF.Dataset.statement_count(graph)}
end