Merge branch 'main' into mk.absturztau.be

2022-11-20 08:57:30 +01:00 · 2022-11-20 08:57:30 +01:00 · 61ca61295c
commit 61ca61295c
parent a6474ea701 3deec7d30a
263 changed files with 2471 additions and 3678 deletions
--- a/.dockerignore
+++ b/.dockerignore
@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 .autogen
-.github
-.travis
 .vscode
 .config
 Dockerfile
@ -12,4 +10,3 @@ elasticsearch/
 node_modules/
 redis/
 files/
-misskey-assets/
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@ -139,6 +139,14 @@ To generate the changelog, we use a standard shortlog command: `git shortlog --f
 The person performing the release process should build the next CHANGELOG section based on this output, not use it as-is.
 Full releases should also remove any pre-release CHANGELOG sections.

+Here is the step by step checklist:
+1. If **stable** release, announce the comment period. Restart the comment period if a blocker bug is found and fixed.
+2. Edit various `package.json`s to the new version.
+3. Write a new entry into the changelog.
+   You should use the `git shortlog --format='%h %s' --group=trailer:changelog LAST_TAG..` command to get general data,
+   then rewrite it in a human way.
+4. Tag the commit with the changes in 2 and 3 (if together, else the latter).
+
 ## Translation

 [![Translation status](http://translate.akkoma.dev/widgets/foundkey/-/svg-badge.svg)](http://translate.akkoma.dev/engage/foundkey/)
@ -289,8 +297,11 @@ PostgreSQL array indices **start at 1**.
 When `IN` is performed on a column that may contain `NULL` values, use `OR` or similar to handle `NULL` values.

 ### creating migrations
-In `packages/backend`, run:
+First make changes to the entity files in `packages/backend/src/models/entities/`.
+
+Then, in `packages/backend`, run:
 ```sh
+yarn build
 npx typeorm migration:generate -d ormconfig.js -o <migration name>
 ```

--- a/6
+++ b/6
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 Unless otherwise stated this repository is
-Copyright © 2014-2020 syuilo and contributers
-
+Copyright © 2014-2022 syuilo and contributors
+Copyright © 2022 FoundKey contributors
 And is distributed under The GNU Affero General Public License Version 3, you should have received a copy of the license file as LICENSE.


-Misskey includes several third-party Open-Source softwares.
+FoundKey includes several third-party Open-Source softwares.

 Emoji keywords for Unicode 11 and below by Mu-An Chiou
 License: MIT
--- a/docs/INSTALL.md
+++ b/docs/INSTALL.md
@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ This guide will also assume you're using Debian or a derivative like Ubuntu. If
 FoundKey requires the following packages to run:

 ### Dependencies :package:
-* **[Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/)** (16.x/18.x)
+* **[Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/)** (18.x)
 * **[PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/)** (12.x minimum; 13.x+ is preferred)
 * **[Redis](https://redis.io/)**
+* **[Yarn](https://yarnpkg.com/)**

 The following are needed to compile native npm modules:
 * A C/C++ compiler like **GCC** or **Clang**
@ -18,17 +19,16 @@ The following are needed to compile native npm modules:
 * **[Python](https://python.org/)** (3.x)

 ### Optional
-* [Yarn](https://yarnpkg.com/) - *If you decide not to install it, use `npx yarn` instead of `yarn`.*
 * [FFmpeg](https://www.ffmpeg.org/)

 To install the dependiencies on Debian (or derivatives like Ubuntu) you can use the following commands:
 ```sh
-curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | bash -
+curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | bash -
 apt install build-essential python3 nodejs postgresql redis
+corepack enable # for yarn

 # Optional dependencies
 apt install ffmpeg
-corepack enable # for yarn
 ```

 ## Create FoundKey user
--- a/docs/migrating.md
+++ b/docs/migrating.md
@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ git merge tags/v13.0.0-preview2 --squash
  # you are now on the "next" release
 ```

+## Making sure modern Yarn works
+Foundkey uses Modern Yarn instead of Classic (1.x). To make sure the `yarn` command will work going forward, run `corepack enable`.
+
 ## Rebuilding and running database migrations
 This will be pretty much the same as a regular update of Misskey. Note that `yarn install` may take a while since dependency versions have been updated or removed and we use a newer version of Yarn.
 ```sh
--- a/locales/en-US.yml
+++ b/locales/en-US.yml
@ -167,7 +167,6 @@ general: "General"
 wallpaper: "Wallpaper"
 setWallpaper: "Set wallpaper"
 removeWallpaper: "Remove wallpaper"
-searchWith: "Search: {q}"
 youHaveNoLists: "You don't have any lists"
 followConfirm: "Are you sure that you want to follow {name}?"
 proxyAccount: "Proxy account"
@ -190,7 +189,9 @@ charts: "Charts"
 perHour: "Per Hour"
 perDay: "Per Day"
 stopActivityDelivery: "Stop sending activities"
+stopActivityDeliveryDescription: "Local activities will not be sent to this instance. Receiving activities works as before."
 blockThisInstance: "Block this instance"
+blockThisInstanceDescription: "Local activites will not be sent to this instance. Activites from this instance will be discarded."
 operations: "Operations"
 software: "Software"
 version: "Version"
@ -797,6 +798,8 @@ onlineStatus: "Online status"
 hideOnlineStatus: "Hide online status"
 hideOnlineStatusDescription: "Hiding your online status reduces the convenience of\
  \ some features such as the search."
+federateBlocks: "Federate blocks"
+federateBlocksDescription: "If disabled, block activities won't be sent."
 online: "Online"
 active: "Active"
 offline: "Offline"
@ -875,7 +878,7 @@ ffVisibility: "Follows/Followers Visibility"
 ffVisibilityDescription: "Allows you to configure who can see who you follow and who\
  \ follows you."
 continueThread: "View thread continuation"
-deleteAccountConfirm: "This will irreversibly delete your account. Proceed?"
+deleteAccountConfirm: "This will irreversibly delete the account {handle}. Proceed?"
 incorrectPassword: "Incorrect password."
 voteConfirm: "Confirm your vote for \"{choice}\"?"
 hide: "Hide"
--- a/locales/ja-JP.yml
+++ b/locales/ja-JP.yml
@ -740,6 +740,8 @@ unknown: "不明"
 onlineStatus: "オンライン状態"
 hideOnlineStatus: "オンライン状態を隠す"
 hideOnlineStatusDescription: "オンライン状態を隠すと、検索などの一部機能において利便性が低下することがあります。"
+federateBlocks: "ブロックを連合に送信"
+federateBlocksDescription: "オフにするとBlockのActivityは連合に送信しません"
 online: "オンライン"
 active: "アクティブ"
 offline: "オフライン"
--- a/packages/backend/migration/1631880003000-user-block-federation.js
+++ b/packages/backend/migration/1631880003000-user-block-federation.js
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+export class userBlockFederation1631880003000 {
+	name = 'userBlockFederation1631880003000';
+
+	async up(queryRunner) {
+		await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "user" ADD "federateBlocks" boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT true`);
+	}
+
+	async down(queryRunner) {
+		await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "user" DROP COLUMN "federateBlocks"`);
+	}
+
+}
--- a/packages/backend/migration/1657570176749-remove-ads.js
+++ b/packages/backend/migration/1657570176749-remove-ads.js
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 export class removeAds1657570176749 {
-    name = 'removeAds1657570176749'
+    name = 'removeAds1657570176749';

    async up(queryRunner) {
        await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "ad"`);
--- a/packages/backend/migration/1667503570994-sync.js
+++ b/packages/backend/migration/1667503570994-sync.js
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+export class sync1667503570994 {
+	name = 'sync1667503570994'
+
+	async up(queryRunner) {
+		await Promise.all([
+			// the migration for renote mutes added the index to the wrong table
+			queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_renote_muting_createdAt"`),
+			queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_renote_muting_muteeId"`),
+			queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_renote_muting_muterId"`),
+			queryRunner.query(`CREATE INDEX "IDX_d1259a2c2b7bb413ff449e8711" ON "renote_muting" ("createdAt") `),
+			queryRunner.query(`CREATE INDEX "IDX_7eac97594bcac5ffcf2068089b" ON "renote_muting" ("muteeId") `),
+			queryRunner.query(`CREATE INDEX "IDX_7aa72a5fe76019bfe8e5e0e8b7" ON "renote_muting" ("muterId") `),
+
+			queryRunner.query(`COMMENT ON COLUMN "renote_muting"."createdAt" IS 'The created date of the Muting.'`),
+			queryRunner.query(`COMMENT ON COLUMN "renote_muting"."muteeId" IS 'The mutee user ID.'`),
+			queryRunner.query(`COMMENT ON COLUMN "renote_muting"."muterId" IS 'The muter user ID.'`),
+			queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "page" ALTER COLUMN "text" SET NOT NULL`),
+			queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "page" ALTER COLUMN "text" SET DEFAULT ''`),
+			queryRunner.query(`CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "IDX_0d801c609cec4e9eb4b6b4490c" ON "renote_muting" ("muterId", "muteeId") `),
+			queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "renote_muting" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_7eac97594bcac5ffcf2068089b6" FOREIGN KEY ("muteeId") REFERENCES "user"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION`),
+			queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "renote_muting" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_7aa72a5fe76019bfe8e5e0e8b7d" FOREIGN KEY ("muterId") REFERENCES "user"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION`),
+		]);
+	}
+
+	async down(queryRunner) {
+		await Promise.all([
+			queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "renote_muting" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_7aa72a5fe76019bfe8e5e0e8b7d"`),
+			queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "renote_muting" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_7eac97594bcac5ffcf2068089b6"`),
+			queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_0d801c609cec4e9eb4b6b4490c"`),
+			queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "page" ALTER COLUMN "text" DROP DEFAULT`),
+			queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "page" ALTER COLUMN "text" DROP NOT NULL`),
+			queryRunner.query(`COMMENT ON COLUMN "renote_muting"."muterId" IS NULL`),
+			queryRunner.query(`COMMENT ON COLUMN "renote_muting"."muteeId" IS NULL`),
+			queryRunner.query(`COMMENT ON COLUMN "renote_muting"."createdAt" IS NULL`),
+
+			queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_7aa72a5fe76019bfe8e5e0e8b7"`),
+			queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_7eac97594bcac5ffcf2068089b"`),
+			queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d1259a2c2b7bb413ff449e8711"`),
+			queryRunner.query(`CREATE INDEX "IDX_renote_muting_muterId" ON "muting" ("muterId") `),
+			queryRunner.query(`CREATE INDEX "IDX_renote_muting_muteeId" ON "muting" ("muteeId") `),
+			queryRunner.query(`CREATE INDEX "IDX_renote_muting_createdAt" ON "muting" ("createdAt") `),
+		]);
+	}
+}
--- a/packages/backend/package.json
+++ b/packages/backend/package.json
@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 		"test": "npm run mocha"
 	},
 	"dependencies": {
-		"@bull-board/api": "^4.2.2",
-		"@bull-board/koa": "4.0.0",
+		"@bull-board/api": "^4.3.1",
+		"@bull-board/koa": "^4.3.1",
 		"@discordapp/twemoji": "14.0.2",
 		"@elastic/elasticsearch": "7.11.0",
 		"@koa/cors": "3.1.0",
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
 		"rss-parser": "3.12.0",
 		"sanitize-html": "2.7.0",
 		"semver": "7.3.7",
-		"sharp": "0.30.7",
+		"sharp": "0.31.2",
 		"speakeasy": "2.0.0",
 		"strict-event-emitter-types": "2.0.0",
 		"stringz": "2.1.0",
@ -158,6 +158,7 @@
 		"@types/sanitize-html": "2.6.2",
 		"@types/semver": "7.3.12",
 		"@types/sharp": "0.30.5",
+		"@types/sinon": "^10.0.13",
 		"@types/sinonjs__fake-timers": "8.1.2",
 		"@types/speakeasy": "2.0.7",
 		"@types/tinycolor2": "1.4.3",
@ -173,6 +174,7 @@
 		"eslint-plugin-import": "^2.26.0",
 		"execa": "6.1.0",
 		"form-data": "^4.0.0",
+		"sinon": "^14.0.2",
 		"typescript": "^4.8.3"
 	}
 }
--- a/packages/backend/src/config/redis.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/config/redis.ts
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ function getRedisFamily(family?: string | number): number {
 		dual: 0,
 	};
 	if (typeof family === 'string' && family in familyMap) {
-		return familyMap[family];
+		return familyMap[family as keyof typeof familyMap];
 	} else if (typeof family === 'number' && Object.values(familyMap).includes(family)) {
 		return family;
 	}
--- a/packages/backend/src/config/types.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/config/types.ts
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export type Source = {
 		db?: number;
 		prefix?: string;
 	};
-	elasticsearch: {
+	elasticsearch?: {
 		host: string;
 		port: number;
 		ssl?: boolean;
--- a/packages/backend/src/const.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/const.ts
@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ export const SECOND = 1000;
 export const MINUTE = 60 * SECOND;
 export const HOUR = 60 * MINUTE;
 export const DAY = 24 * HOUR;
+export const WEEK = 7 * DAY;
+export const MONTH = 30 * DAY;
+export const YEAR = 365 * DAY;

 export const USER_ONLINE_THRESHOLD = 10 * MINUTE;
 export const USER_ACTIVE_THRESHOLD = 3 * DAY;
--- a/packages/backend/src/mfm/from-html.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/mfm/from-html.ts
@ -62,22 +62,21 @@ export function fromHtml(html: string, hashtagNames?: string[]): string {
 				const rel = node.attrs.find(x => x.name === 'rel');
 				const href = node.attrs.find(x => x.name === 'href');

-				// ハッシュタグ
+				// hashtags
 				if (hashtagNames && href && hashtagNames.map(x => x.toLowerCase()).includes(txt.toLowerCase())) {
 					text += txt;
-				// メンション
+				// mentions
 				} else if (txt.startsWith('@') && !(rel && rel.value.match(/^me /))) {
 					const part = txt.split('@');

 					if (part.length === 2 && href) {
-						//#region ホスト名部分が省略されているので復元する
+						// restore the host name part
 						const acct = `${txt}@${(new URL(href.value)).hostname}`;
 						text += acct;
-						//#endregion
 					} else if (part.length === 3) {
 						text += txt;
 					}
-				// その他
+				// other
 				} else {
 					const generateLink = () => {
 						if (!href && !txt) {
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/antenna-cache.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/antenna-cache.ts
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { subscriber } from '@/db/redis.js';
 let antennasFetched = false;
 let antennas: Antenna[] = [];

-export async function getAntennas() {
+export async function getAntennas(): Promise<Antenna[]> {
 	if (!antennasFetched) {
 		antennas = await Antennas.find();
 		antennasFetched = true;
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/cache.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/cache.ts
@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 export class Cache<T> {
 	public cache: Map<string | null, { date: number; value: T; }>;
 	private lifetime: number;
+	public fetcher: (key: string | null) => Promise<T | undefined>;

-	constructor(lifetime: Cache<never>['lifetime']) {
+	constructor(lifetime: number, fetcher: Cache<T>['fetcher']) {
 		this.cache = new Map();
 		this.lifetime = lifetime;
+		this.fetcher = fetcher;
 	}

 	public set(key: string | null, value: T): void {
@ -17,64 +19,38 @@ export class Cache<T> {
 	public get(key: string | null): T | undefined {
 		const cached = this.cache.get(key);
 		if (cached == null) return undefined;
+
+		// discard if past the cache lifetime
 		if ((Date.now() - cached.date) > this.lifetime) {
 			this.cache.delete(key);
 			return undefined;
 		}
+
 		return cached.value;
 	}

-	public delete(key: string | null) {
+	public delete(key: string | null): void {
 		this.cache.delete(key);
 	}

 	/**
-	 * キャッシュがあればそれを返し、無ければfetcherを呼び出して結果をキャッシュ&返します
-	 * optional: キャッシュが存在してもvalidatorでfalseを返すとキャッシュ無効扱いにします
+	 * If the value is cached, it is returned. Otherwise the fetcher is
+	 * run to get the value. If the fetcher returns undefined, it is
+	 * returned but not cached.
 	 */
-	public async fetch(key: string | null, fetcher: () => Promise<T>, validator?: (cachedValue: T) => boolean): Promise<T> {
-		const cachedValue = this.get(key);
-		if (cachedValue !== undefined) {
-			if (validator) {
-				if (validator(cachedValue)) {
-					// Cache HIT
-					return cachedValue;
-				}
-			} else {
-				// Cache HIT
-				return cachedValue;
+	public async fetch(key: string | null): Promise<T | undefined> {
+		const cached = this.get(key);
+		if (cached !== undefined) {
+			return cached;
+		} else {
+			const value = await this.fetcher(key);
+
+			// don't cache undefined
+			if (value !== undefined) {
+				this.set(key, value);
 			}
-		}

-		// Cache MISS
-		const value = await fetcher();
-		this.set(key, value);
-		return value;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * キャッシュがあればそれを返し、無ければfetcherを呼び出して結果をキャッシュ&返します
-	 * optional: キャッシュが存在してもvalidatorでfalseを返すとキャッシュ無効扱いにします
-	 */
-	public async fetchMaybe(key: string | null, fetcher: () => Promise<T | undefined>, validator?: (cachedValue: T) => boolean): Promise<T | undefined> {
-		const cachedValue = this.get(key);
-		if (cachedValue !== undefined) {
-			if (validator) {
-				if (validator(cachedValue)) {
-					// Cache HIT
-					return cachedValue;
-				}
-			} else {
-				// Cache HIT
-				return cachedValue;
-			}
+			return value;
 		}
-
-		// Cache MISS
-		const value = await fetcher();
-		if (value !== undefined) {
-			this.set(key, value);
-		}
-		return value;
 	}
 }
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/captcha.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/captcha.ts
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import fetch from 'node-fetch';
 import config from '@/config/index.js';
 import { getAgentByUrl } from './fetch.js';

-export async function verifyRecaptcha(secret: string, response: string) {
+export async function verifyRecaptcha(secret: string, response: string): Promise<void> {
 	const result = await getCaptchaResponse('https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api/siteverify', secret, response).catch(e => {
 		throw new Error(`recaptcha-request-failed: ${e.message}`);
 	});
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export async function verifyRecaptcha(secret: string, response: string) {
 	}
 }

-export async function verifyHcaptcha(secret: string, response: string) {
+export async function verifyHcaptcha(secret: string, response: string): Promise<void> {
 	const result = await getCaptchaResponse('https://hcaptcha.com/siteverify', secret, response).catch(e => {
 		throw new Error(`hcaptcha-request-failed: ${e.message}`);
 	});
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/check-hit-antenna.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/check-hit-antenna.ts
@ -3,22 +3,26 @@ import { Note } from '@/models/entities/note.js';
 import { User } from '@/models/entities/user.js';
 import { UserListJoinings, UserGroupJoinings, Blockings } from '@/models/index.js';
 import * as Acct from '@/misc/acct.js';
+import { MINUTE } from '@/const.js';
 import { getFullApAccount } from './convert-host.js';
 import { Packed } from './schema.js';
 import { Cache } from './cache.js';

-const blockingCache = new Cache<User['id'][]>(1000 * 60 * 5);
+const blockingCache = new Cache<User['id'][]>(
+	5 * MINUTE,
+	(blockerId) => Blockings.findBy({ blockerId }).then(res => res.map(x => x.blockeeId)),
+);

-// NOTE: フォローしているユーザーのノート、リストのユーザーのノート、グループのユーザーのノート指定はパフォーマンス上の理由で無効になっている
+// designation for users you follow, list users and groups is disabled for performance reasons

 /**
- * noteUserFollowers / antennaUserFollowing はどちらか一方が指定されていればよい
+ * either noteUserFollowers or antennaUserFollowing must be specified
 */
 export async function checkHitAntenna(antenna: Antenna, note: (Note | Packed<'Note'>), noteUser: { id: User['id']; username: string; host: string | null; }, noteUserFollowers?: User['id'][], antennaUserFollowing?: User['id'][]): Promise<boolean> {
 	if (note.visibility === 'specified') return false;

-	// アンテナ作成者がノート作成者にブロックされていたらスキップ
-	const blockings = await blockingCache.fetch(noteUser.id, () => Blockings.findBy({ blockerId: noteUser.id }).then(res => res.map(x => x.blockeeId)));
+	// skip if the antenna creator is blocked by the note author
+	const blockings = await blockingCache.fetch(noteUser.id);
 	if (blockings.some(blocking => blocking === antenna.userId)) return false;

 	if (note.visibility === 'followers') {
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/check-word-mute.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/check-word-mute.ts
@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { User } from '@/models/entities/user.js';
 type NoteLike = {
 	userId: Note['userId'];
 	text: Note['text'];
+	cw: Note['cw'];
 };

 type UserLike = {
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/convert-host.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/convert-host.ts
@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ export function isSelfHost(host: string | null): boolean {
 	return toPuny(config.host) === toPuny(host);
 }

-export function extractDbHost(uri: string) {
+export function extractDbHost(uri: string): string {
 	const url = new URL(uri);
 	return toPuny(url.hostname);
 }

-export function toPuny(host: string) {
+export function toPuny(host: string): string {
 	return toASCII(host.toLowerCase());
 }

--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/detect-url-mime.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/detect-url-mime.ts
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { createTemp } from './create-temp.js';
 import { downloadUrl } from './download-url.js';
 import { detectType } from './get-file-info.js';

-export async function detectUrlMime(url: string) {
+export async function detectUrlMime(url: string): Promise<string> {
 	const [path, cleanup] = await createTemp();

 	try {
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/fetch-meta.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/fetch-meta.ts
@ -1,44 +1,58 @@
+import push from 'web-push';
 import { db } from '@/db/postgre.js';
 import { Meta } from '@/models/entities/meta.js';
+import { getFetchInstanceMetadataLock } from '@/misc/app-lock.js';

 let cache: Meta;

-export async function fetchMeta(noCache = false): Promise<Meta> {
-	if (!noCache && cache) return cache;
+/**
+ * Performs the primitive database operation to set the server configuration
+ */
+export async function setMeta(meta: Meta): Promise<void> {
+	const unlock = await getFetchInstanceMetadataLock('localhost');

-	return await db.transaction(async transactionalEntityManager => {
-		// 過去のバグでレコードが複数出来てしまっている可能性があるので新しいIDを優先する
-		const metas = await transactionalEntityManager.find(Meta, {
+	// try to mitigate older bugs where multiple meta entries may have been created
+	await db.manager.clear(Meta);
+	await db.manager.insert(Meta, meta);
+
+	cache = meta;
+
+	unlock();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Performs the primitive database operation to fetch server configuration.
+ * If there is no entry yet, inserts a new one.
+ * Writes to `cache` instead of returning.
+ */
+async function getMeta(): Promise<void> {
+	const unlock = await getFetchInstanceMetadataLock('localhost');
+
+	// new IDs are prioritised because multiple records may have been created due to past bugs
+	let metas = await db.manager.find(Meta, {
+		order: {
+			id: 'DESC',
+		},
+	});
+	if (metas.length === 0) {
+		await db.manager.insert(Meta, {
+			id: 'x',
+		});
+		metas = await db.manager.find(Meta, {
 			order: {
 				id: 'DESC',
 			},
 		});
+	}
+	cache = metas[0];

-		const meta = metas[0];
-
-		if (meta) {
-			cache = meta;
-			return meta;
-		} else {
-			// metaが空のときfetchMetaが同時に呼ばれるとここが同時に呼ばれてしまうことがあるのでフェイルセーフなupsertを使う
-			const saved = await transactionalEntityManager
-				.upsert(
-					Meta,
-					{
-						id: 'x',
-					},
-					['id'],
-				)
-				.then((x) => transactionalEntityManager.findOneByOrFail(Meta, x.identifiers[0]));
-
-			cache = saved;
-			return saved;
-		}
-	});
+	unlock();
 }

-setInterval(() => {
-	fetchMeta(true).then(meta => {
-		cache = meta;
-	});
-}, 1000 * 10);
+export async function fetchMeta(noCache = false): Promise<Meta> {
+	if (!noCache && cache) return cache;
+
+	await getMeta();
+
+	return cache;
+}
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/keypair-store.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/keypair-store.ts
@ -3,8 +3,11 @@ import { User } from '@/models/entities/user.js';
 import { UserKeypair } from '@/models/entities/user-keypair.js';
 import { Cache } from './cache.js';

-const cache = new Cache<UserKeypair>(Infinity);
+const cache = new Cache<UserKeypair>(
+	Infinity,
+	(userId) => UserKeypairs.findOneByOrFail({ userId }),
+);

 export async function getUserKeypair(userId: User['id']): Promise<UserKeypair> {
-	return await cache.fetch(userId, () => UserKeypairs.findOneByOrFail({ userId }));
+	return await cache.fetch(userId);
 }
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/populate-emojis.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/populate-emojis.ts
@ -4,14 +4,27 @@ import { Emojis } from '@/models/index.js';
 import { Emoji } from '@/models/entities/emoji.js';
 import { Note } from '@/models/entities/note.js';
 import { query } from '@/prelude/url.js';
+import { HOUR } from '@/const.js';
 import { Cache } from './cache.js';
 import { isSelfHost, toPunyNullable } from './convert-host.js';
 import { decodeReaction } from './reaction-lib.js';

-const cache = new Cache<Emoji | null>(1000 * 60 * 60 * 12);
+/**
+ * composite cache key: `${host ?? ''}:${name}`
+ */
+const cache = new Cache<Emoji | null>(
+	12 * HOUR,
+	async (key) => {
+		const [host, name] = key.split(':');
+		return (await Emojis.findOneBy({
+			name,
+			host: host || IsNull(),
+		})) || null;
+	},
+);

 /**
- * 添付用絵文字情報
+ * Information needed to attach in ActivityPub
 */
 type PopulatedEmoji = {
 	name: string;
@ -36,28 +49,22 @@ function parseEmojiStr(emojiName: string, noteUserHost: string | null) {

 	const name = match[1];

-	// ホスト正規化
 	const host = toPunyNullable(normalizeHost(match[2], noteUserHost));

 	return { name, host };
 }

 /**
- * 添付用絵文字情報を解決する
- * @param emojiName ノートやユーザープロフィールに添付された、またはリアクションのカスタム絵文字名 (:は含めない, リアクションでローカルホストの場合は@.を付ける (これはdecodeReactionで可能))
- * @param noteUserHost ノートやユーザープロフィールの所有者のホスト
- * @returns 絵文字情報, nullは未マッチを意味する
+ * Resolve emoji information from ActivityPub attachment.
+ * @param emojiName custom emoji names attached to notes, user profiles or in rections. Colons should not be included. Localhost is denote by @. (see also `decodeReaction`)
+ * @param noteUserHost host that the content is from, to default to
+ * @returns emoji information. `null` means not found.
 */
 export async function populateEmoji(emojiName: string, noteUserHost: string | null): Promise<PopulatedEmoji | null> {
 	const { name, host } = parseEmojiStr(emojiName, noteUserHost);
 	if (name == null) return null;

-	const queryOrNull = async () => (await Emojis.findOneBy({
-		name,
-		host: host ?? IsNull(),
-	})) || null;
-
-	const emoji = await cache.fetch(`${name} ${host}`, queryOrNull);
+	const emoji = await cache.fetch(`${host ?? ''}:${name}`);

 	if (emoji == null) return null;

@ -72,7 +79,7 @@ export async function populateEmoji(emojiName: string, noteUserHost: string | nu
 }

 /**
- * 複数の添付用絵文字情報を解決する (キャシュ付き, 存在しないものは結果から除外される)
+ * Retrieve list of emojis from the cache. Uncached emoji are dropped.
 */
 export async function populateEmojis(emojiNames: string[], noteUserHost: string | null): Promise<PopulatedEmoji[]> {
 	const emojis = await Promise.all(emojiNames.map(x => populateEmoji(x, noteUserHost)));
@ -103,11 +110,20 @@ export function aggregateNoteEmojis(notes: Note[]) {
 }

 /**
- * 与えられた絵文字のリストをデータベースから取得し、キャッシュに追加します
+ * Query list of emojis in bulk and add them to the cache.
 */
 export async function prefetchEmojis(emojis: { name: string; host: string | null; }[]): Promise<void> {
-	const notCachedEmojis = emojis.filter(emoji => cache.get(`${emoji.name} ${emoji.host}`) == null);
+	const notCachedEmojis = emojis.filter(emoji => {
+		// check if the cache has this emoji
+		return cache.get(`${emoji.host ?? ''}:${emoji.name}`) == null;
+	});
+
+	// check if there even are any uncached emoji to handle
+	if (notCachedEmojis.length === 0) return;
+
+	// query all uncached emoji
 	const emojisQuery: any[] = [];
+	// group by hosts to try to reduce query size
 	const hosts = new Set(notCachedEmojis.map(e => e.host));
 	for (const host of hosts) {
 		emojisQuery.push({
@ -115,11 +131,14 @@ export async function prefetchEmojis(emojis: { name: string; host: string | null
 			host: host ?? IsNull(),
 		});
 	}
-	const _emojis = emojisQuery.length > 0 ? await Emojis.find({
+
+	await Emojis.find({
 		where: emojisQuery,
 		select: ['name', 'host', 'originalUrl', 'publicUrl'],
-	}) : [];
-	for (const emoji of _emojis) {
-		cache.set(`${emoji.name} ${emoji.host}`, emoji);
-	}
+	}).then(emojis => {
+		// store all emojis into the cache
+		emojis.forEach(emoji => {
+			cache.set(`${emoji.host ?? ''}:${emoji.name}`, emoji);
+		});
+	});
 }
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/renote.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/renote.ts
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Note } from '@/models/entities/note.js';

-export function isPureRenote(note: Note): boolean {
+export function isPureRenote(note: Note): note is Note & { renoteId: string, text: null, fileIds: null | never[], hasPoll: false } {
 	return note.renoteId != null && note.text == null && (note.fileIds == null || note.fileIds.length === 0) && !note.hasPoll;
 }
--- a/packages/backend/src/misc/skipped-instances.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/skipped-instances.ts
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { Brackets } from 'typeorm';
+import { db } from '@/db/postgre.js';
+import { fetchMeta } from '@/misc/fetch-meta.js';
+import { Instances } from '@/models/index.js';
+import { Instance } from '@/models/entities/instance.js';
+import { DAY } from '@/const.js';
+
+// Threshold from last contact after which an instance will be considered
+// "dead" and should no longer get activities delivered to it.
+const deadThreshold = 7 * DAY;
+
+/**
+ * Returns the subset of hosts which should be skipped.
+ * 
+ * @param hosts array of punycoded instance hosts
+ * @returns array of punycoed instance hosts that should be skipped (subset of hosts parameter)
+ */
+export async function skippedInstances(hosts: Array<Instace['host']>): Array<Instance['host']> {
+	// first check for blocked instances since that info may already be in memory
+	const { blockedHosts } = await fetchMeta();
+
+	const skipped = hosts.filter(host => blockedHosts.includes(host));
+	// if possible return early and skip accessing the database
+	if (skipped.length === hosts.length) return hosts;	
+
+	const deadTime = new Date(Date.now() - deadThreshold);
+
+	return skipped.concat(
+		await db.query(
+			`SELECT host FROM instance WHERE ("isSuspended" OR "latestStatus" = 410 OR "lastCommunicatedAt" < $1::date) AND host = ANY(string_to_array($2, ','))`,
+			[
+				deadTime.toISOString(),
+				// don't check hosts again that we already know are suspended
+				// also avoids adding duplicates to the list
+				hosts.filter(host => !skipped.includes(host) && !host.includes(',')).join(','),
+			],
+		)
+		.then(res => res.map(row => row.host))
+	);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether a specific host (punycoded) should be skipped.
+ * Convenience wrapper around skippedInstances which should only be used if there is a single host to check.
+ * If you have multiple hosts, consider using skippedInstances instead to do a bulk check.
+ *
+ * @param host punycoded instance host
+ * @returns whether the given host should be skipped
+ */
+export async function shouldSkipInstance(host: Instance['host']): boolean {
+	const skipped = await skippedInstances([host]);
+	return skipped.length > 0;
+}
--- a/packages/backend/src/models/entities/drive-file.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/models/entities/drive-file.ts
@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ export class DriveFile {
 	public size: number;

 	@Column('varchar', {
-		length: 512, nullable: true,
+		length: 2048,
+		nullable: true,
 		comment: 'The comment of the DriveFile.',
 	})
 	public comment: string | null;
--- a/packages/backend/src/models/entities/instance.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/models/entities/instance.ts
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ export class Instance {
 	public id: string;

 	/**
-	 * このインスタンスを捕捉した日時
+	 * Date and time this instance was first seen.
 	 */
 	@Index()
 	@Column('timestamp with time zone', {
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export class Instance {
 	public caughtAt: Date;

 	/**
-	 * ホスト
+	 * Hostname
 	 */
 	@Index({ unique: true })
 	@Column('varchar', {
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export class Instance {
 	public host: string;

 	/**
-	 * インスタンスのユーザー数
+	 * Number of users on this instance.
 	 */
 	@Column('integer', {
 		default: 0,
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export class Instance {
 	public usersCount: number;

 	/**
-	 * インスタンスの投稿数
+	 * Number of notes on this instance.
 	 */
 	@Column('integer', {
 		default: 0,
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export class Instance {
 	public notesCount: number;

 	/**
-	 * このインスタンスのユーザーからフォローされている、自インスタンスのユーザーの数
+	 * Number of local users who are followed by users from this instance.
 	 */
 	@Column('integer', {
 		default: 0,
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ export class Instance {
 	public followingCount: number;

 	/**
-	 * このインスタンスのユーザーをフォローしている、自インスタンスのユーザーの数
+	 * Number of users from this instance who are followed by local users.
 	 */
 	@Column('integer', {
 		default: 0,
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export class Instance {
 	public followersCount: number;

 	/**
-	 * 直近のリクエスト送信日時
+	 * Timestamp of the latest outgoing HTTP request.
 	 */
 	@Column('timestamp with time zone', {
 		nullable: true,
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ export class Instance {
 	public latestRequestSentAt: Date | null;

 	/**
-	 * 直近のリクエスト送信時のHTTPステータスコード
+	 * HTTP status code that was received for the last outgoing HTTP request.
 	 */
 	@Column('integer', {
 		nullable: true,
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ export class Instance {
 	public latestStatus: number | null;

 	/**
-	 * 直近のリクエスト受信日時
+	 * Timestamp of the latest incoming HTTP request.
 	 */
 	@Column('timestamp with time zone', {
 		nullable: true,
@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ export class Instance {
 	public latestRequestReceivedAt: Date | null;

 	/**
-	 * このインスタンスと最後にやり取りした日時
+	 * Timestamp of last communication with this instance (incoming or outgoing).
 	 */
 	@Column('timestamp with time zone')
 	public lastCommunicatedAt: Date;

 	/**
-	 * このインスタンスと不通かどうか
+	 * Whether this instance seems unresponsive.
 	 */
 	@Column('boolean', {
 		default: false,
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ export class Instance {
 	public isNotResponding: boolean;

 	/**
-	 * このインスタンスへの配信を停止するか
+	 * Whether sending activities to this instance has been suspended.
 	 */
 	@Index()
 	@Column('boolean', {
--- a/packages/backend/src/models/entities/user.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/models/entities/user.ts
@ -218,6 +218,11 @@ export class User {
 	})
 	public token: string | null;

+	@Column('boolean', {
+		default: true,
+	})
+	public federateBlocks: boolean;
+
 	constructor(data: Partial<User>) {
 		if (data == null) return;

--- a/packages/backend/src/models/repositories/user.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/models/repositories/user.ts
@ -6,13 +6,16 @@ import { Packed } from '@/misc/schema.js';
 import { awaitAll, Promiseable } from '@/prelude/await-all.js';
 import { populateEmojis } from '@/misc/populate-emojis.js';
 import { getAntennas } from '@/misc/antenna-cache.js';
-import { USER_ACTIVE_THRESHOLD, USER_ONLINE_THRESHOLD } from '@/const.js';
+import { USER_ACTIVE_THRESHOLD, USER_ONLINE_THRESHOLD, HOUR } from '@/const.js';
 import { Cache } from '@/misc/cache.js';
 import { db } from '@/db/postgre.js';
 import { Instance } from '../entities/instance.js';
 import { Notes, NoteUnreads, FollowRequests, Notifications, MessagingMessages, UserNotePinings, Followings, Blockings, Mutings, RenoteMutings, UserProfiles, UserSecurityKeys, UserGroupJoinings, Pages, Announcements, AnnouncementReads, AntennaNotes, ChannelFollowings, Instances, DriveFiles } from '../index.js';

-const userInstanceCache = new Cache<Instance | null>(1000 * 60 * 60 * 3);
+const userInstanceCache = new Cache<Instance | null>(
+	3 * HOUR,
+	(host) => Instances.findOneBy({ host }).then(x => x ?? undefined),
+);

 type IsUserDetailed<Detailed extends boolean> = Detailed extends true ? Packed<'UserDetailed'> : Packed<'UserLite'>;
 type IsMeAndIsUserDetailed<ExpectsMe extends boolean | null, Detailed extends boolean> =
@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ const ajv = new Ajv();
 const localUsernameSchema = { type: 'string', pattern: /^\w{1,20}$/.toString().slice(1, -1) } as const;
 const passwordSchema = { type: 'string', minLength: 1 } as const;
 const nameSchema = { type: 'string', minLength: 1, maxLength: 50 } as const;
-const descriptionSchema = { type: 'string', minLength: 1, maxLength: 500 } as const;
+const descriptionSchema = { type: 'string', minLength: 1, maxLength: 2048 } as const;
 const locationSchema = { type: 'string', minLength: 1, maxLength: 50 } as const;
 const birthdaySchema = { type: 'string', pattern: /^([0-9]{4})-([0-9]{2})-([0-9]{2})$/.toString().slice(1, -1) } as const;

@ -309,17 +312,15 @@ export const UserRepository = db.getRepository(User).extend({
 			isModerator: user.isModerator || falsy,
 			isBot: user.isBot || falsy,
 			isCat: user.isCat || falsy,
-			instance: user.host ? userInstanceCache.fetch(user.host,
-				() => Instances.findOneBy({ host: user.host! }),
-				v => v != null,
-			).then(instance => instance ? {
-				name: instance.name,
-				softwareName: instance.softwareName,
-				softwareVersion: instance.softwareVersion,
-				iconUrl: instance.iconUrl,
-				faviconUrl: instance.faviconUrl,
-				themeColor: instance.themeColor,
-			} : undefined) : undefined,
+			instance: !user.host ? undefined : userInstanceCache.fetch(user.host)
+				.then(instance => !instance ? undefined : {
+					name: instance.name,
+					softwareName: instance.softwareName,
+					softwareVersion: instance.softwareVersion,
+					iconUrl: instance.iconUrl,
+					faviconUrl: instance.faviconUrl,
+					themeColor: instance.themeColor,
+				}),
 			emojis: populateEmojis(user.emojis, user.host),
 			onlineStatus: this.getOnlineStatus(user),

@ -392,6 +393,7 @@ export const UserRepository = db.getRepository(User).extend({
 				mutingNotificationTypes: profile!.mutingNotificationTypes,
 				emailNotificationTypes: profile!.emailNotificationTypes,
 				showTimelineReplies: user.showTimelineReplies || falsy,
+				federateBlocks: user!.federateBlocks,
 			} : {}),

 			...(opts.includeSecrets ? {
--- a/packages/backend/src/queue/processors/deliver.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/queue/processors/deliver.ts
@ -6,39 +6,20 @@ import Logger from '@/services/logger.js';
 import { Instances } from '@/models/index.js';
 import { apRequestChart, federationChart, instanceChart } from '@/services/chart/index.js';
 import { fetchInstanceMetadata } from '@/services/fetch-instance-metadata.js';
-import { fetchMeta } from '@/misc/fetch-meta.js';
 import { toPuny } from '@/misc/convert-host.js';
-import { Cache } from '@/misc/cache.js';
-import { Instance } from '@/models/entities/instance.js';
 import { StatusError } from '@/misc/fetch.js';
+import { shouldSkipInstance } from '@/misc/skipped-instances.js';
 import { DeliverJobData } from '@/queue/types.js';
-import { LessThan } from 'typeorm';
-import { DAY } from '@/const.js';

 const logger = new Logger('deliver');

 let latest: string | null = null;

-const deadThreshold = 30 * DAY;
-
 export default async (job: Bull.Job<DeliverJobData>) => {
 	const { host } = new URL(job.data.to);
 	const puny = toPuny(host);

-	// ブロックしてたら中断
-	const meta = await fetchMeta();
-	if (meta.blockedHosts.includes(puny)) {
-		return 'skip (blocked)';
-	}
-
-	const deadTime = new Date(Date.now() - deadThreshold);
-	const isSuspendedOrDead = await Instances.countBy([
-		{ host: puny, isSuspended: true },
-		{ host: puny, lastCommunicatedAt: LessThan(deadTime) },
-	]);
-	if (isSuspendedOrDead) {
-		return 'skip (suspended or dead)';
-	}
+	if (await shouldSkipInstance(puny)) return 'skip';

 	try {
 		if (latest !== (latest = JSON.stringify(job.data.content, null, 2))) {
@ -81,8 +62,8 @@ export default async (job: Bull.Job<DeliverJobData>) => {
 		if (res instanceof StatusError) {
 			// 4xx
 			if (res.isClientError) {
-				// HTTPステータスコード4xxはクライアントエラーであり、それはつまり
-				// 何回再送しても成功することはないということなのでエラーにはしないでおく
+				// A client error means that something is wrong with the request we are making,
+				// which means that retrying it makes no sense.
 				return `${res.statusCode} ${res.statusMessage}`;
 			}

--- a/packages/backend/src/queue/processors/system/check-expired.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/queue/processors/system/check-expired.ts
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import Bull from 'bull';
 import { In, LessThan } from 'typeorm';
-import { AttestationChallenges, Mutings, Signins } from '@/models/index.js';
+import { AttestationChallenges, Mutings, PasswordResetRequests, Signins } from '@/models/index.js';
 import { publishUserEvent } from '@/services/stream.js';
 import { MINUTE, DAY } from '@/const.js';
 import { queueLogger } from '@/queue/logger.js';
@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ export async function checkExpired(job: Bull.Job<Record<string, unknown>>, done:
 		createdAt: LessThan(new Date(new Date().getTime() - 5 * MINUTE)),
 	});

+	await PasswordResetRequests.delete({
+		// this timing should be the same as in @/server/api/endpoints/reset-password.ts
+		createdAt: LessThan(new Date(new Date().getTime() - 30 * MINUTE)),
+	});
+
 	logger.succ('Deleted expired mutes, signins and attestation challenges.');

 	done();
--- a/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/db-resolver.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/db-resolver.ts
@ -10,8 +10,14 @@ import { uriPersonCache, userByIdCache } from '@/services/user-cache.js';
 import { IObject, getApId } from './type.js';
 import { resolvePerson } from './models/person.js';

-const publicKeyCache = new Cache<UserPublickey | null>(Infinity);
-const publicKeyByUserIdCache = new Cache<UserPublickey | null>(Infinity);
+const publicKeyCache = new Cache<UserPublickey>(
+	Infinity,
+	(keyId) => UserPublickeys.findOneBy({ keyId }).then(x => x ?? undefined),
+);
+const publicKeyByUserIdCache = new Cache<UserPublickey>(
+	Infinity,
+	(userId) => UserPublickeys.findOneBy({ userId }).then(x => x ?? undefined),
+);

 export type UriParseResult = {
 	/** wether the URI was generated by us */
@ -99,13 +105,9 @@ export default class DbResolver {
 		if (parsed.local) {
 			if (parsed.type !== 'users') return null;

-			return await userByIdCache.fetchMaybe(parsed.id, () => Users.findOneBy({
-				id: parsed.id,
-			}).then(x => x ?? undefined)) ?? null;
+			return await userByIdCache.fetch(parsed.id) ?? null;
 		} else {
-			return await uriPersonCache.fetch(parsed.uri, () => Users.findOneBy({
-				uri: parsed.uri,
-			}));
+			return await uriPersonCache.fetch(parsed.uri) ?? null;
 		}
 	}

@ -116,20 +118,12 @@ export default class DbResolver {
 		user: CacheableRemoteUser;
 		key: UserPublickey;
 	} | null> {
-		const key = await publicKeyCache.fetch(keyId, async () => {
-			const key = await UserPublickeys.findOneBy({
-				keyId,
-			});
-	
-			if (key == null) return null;
-
-			return key;
-		}, key => key != null);
+		const key = await publicKeyCache.fetch(keyId);

 		if (key == null) return null;

 		return {
-			user: await userByIdCache.fetch(key.userId, () => Users.findOneByOrFail({ id: key.userId })) as CacheableRemoteUser,
+			user: await userByIdCache.fetch(key.userId) as CacheableRemoteUser,
 			key,
 		};
 	}
@ -145,7 +139,7 @@ export default class DbResolver {

 		if (user == null) return null;

-		const key = await publicKeyByUserIdCache.fetch(user.id, () => UserPublickeys.findOneBy({ userId: user.id }), v => v != null); 
+		const key = await publicKeyByUserIdCache.fetch(user.id);

 		return {
 			user,
--- a/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/deliver-manager.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/deliver-manager.ts
@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { IsNull, Not } from 'typeorm';
 import { ILocalUser, IRemoteUser, User } from '@/models/entities/user.js';
 import { Users, Followings } from '@/models/index.js';
 import { deliver } from '@/queue/index.js';
+import { skippedInstances } from '@/misc/skipped-instances.js';

 //#region types
 interface IRecipe {
@ -118,26 +119,18 @@ export default class DeliverManager {

 		if (this.recipes.some(r => isFollowers(r))) {
 			// followers deliver
-			// TODO: SELECT DISTINCT ON ("followerSharedInbox") "followerSharedInbox" みたいな問い合わせにすればよりパフォーマンス向上できそう
-			// ただ、sharedInboxがnullなリモートユーザーも稀におり、その対応ができなさそう？
-			const followers = await Followings.find({
-				where: {
-					followeeId: this.actor.id,
-					followerHost: Not(IsNull()),
-				},
-				select: {
-					followerSharedInbox: true,
-					followerInbox: true,
-				},
-			}) as {
-				followerSharedInbox: string | null;
-				followerInbox: string;
-			}[];
+			const followers = await Followings.createQueryBuilder('followings')
+				// return either the shared inbox (if available) or the individual inbox
+				.select('COALESCE(followings.followerSharedInbox, followings.followerInbox)', 'inbox')
+				// so we don't have to make our inboxes Set work as hard
+				.distinct(true)
+				// ...for the specific actors followers
+				.where('followings.followeeId = :actorId', { actorId: this.actor.id })
+				// don't deliver to ourselves
+				.andWhere('followings.followerHost IS NOT NULL')
+				.getRawMany();

-			for (const following of followers) {
-				const inbox = following.followerSharedInbox || following.followerInbox;
-				inboxes.add(inbox);
-			}
+			followers.forEach(({ inbox }) => inboxes.add(inbox));
 		}

 		this.recipes.filter((recipe): recipe is IDirectRecipe =>
@ -150,8 +143,19 @@ export default class DeliverManager {
 		)
 		.forEach(recipe => inboxes.add(recipe.to.inbox!));

+		const instancesToSkip = await skippedInstances(
+			// get (unique) list of hosts
+			Array.from(new Set(
+				Array.from(inboxes)
+				.map(inbox => new URL(inbox).host)
+			))
+		);
+
 		// deliver
 		for (const inbox of inboxes) {
+			// skip instances as indicated
+			if (instancesToSkip.includes(new URL(inbox).host)) continue;
+
 			deliver(this.actor, this.activity, inbox);
 		}
 	}
--- a/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/kernel/like.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/kernel/like.ts
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { CacheableRemoteUser } from '@/models/entities/user.js';
-import create from '@/services/note/reaction/create.js';
+import { createReaction } from '@/services/note/reaction/create.js';
 import { ILike, getApId } from '../type.js';
 import { fetchNote, extractEmojis } from '../models/note.js';

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export default async (actor: CacheableRemoteUser, activity: ILike) => {

 	await extractEmojis(activity.tag || [], actor.host).catch(() => null);

-	return await create(actor, note, activity._misskey_reaction || activity.content || activity.name).catch(e => {
+	return await createReaction(actor, note, activity._misskey_reaction || activity.content || activity.name).catch(e => {
 		if (e.id === '51c42bb4-931a-456b-bff7-e5a8a70dd298') {
 			return 'skip: already reacted';
 		} else {
--- a/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/kernel/undo/like.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/kernel/undo/like.ts
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { CacheableRemoteUser } from '@/models/entities/user.js';
-import deleteReaction from '@/services/note/reaction/delete.js';
+import { deleteReaction } from '@/services/note/reaction/delete.js';
 import { ILike, getApId } from '@/remote/activitypub/type.js';
 import { fetchNote } from '@/remote/activitypub/models/note.js';

--- a/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/models/note.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/models/note.ts
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import config from '@/config/index.js';
 import post from '@/services/note/create.js';
 import { CacheableRemoteUser } from '@/models/entities/user.js';
 import { unique, toArray, toSingle } from '@/prelude/array.js';
-import vote from '@/services/note/polls/vote.js';
+import { vote } from '@/services/note/polls/vote.js';
 import { DriveFile } from '@/models/entities/drive-file.js';
 import { deliverQuestionUpdate } from '@/services/note/polls/update.js';
 import { extractDbHost, toPuny } from '@/misc/convert-host.js';
--- a/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/request.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/request.ts
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export default async (user: { id: User['id'] }, url: string, object: any) => {
 * @param user http-signature user
 * @param url URL to fetch
 */
-export async function signedGet(url: string, user: { id: User['id'] }) {
+export async function signedGet(url: string, user: { id: User['id'] }): Promise<any> {
 	const keypair = await getUserKeypair(user.id);

 	const req = createSignedGet({
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/activitypub.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/activitypub.ts
@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ import Featured from './activitypub/featured.js';
 // Init router
 const router = new Router();

-//#region Routing
-
-function inbox(ctx: Router.RouterContext) {
+function inbox(ctx: Router.RouterContext): void {
 	let signature;

 	try {
@ -43,13 +41,15 @@ function inbox(ctx: Router.RouterContext) {
 const ACTIVITY_JSON = 'application/activity+json; charset=utf-8';
 const LD_JSON = 'application/ld+json; profile="https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams"; charset=utf-8';

-function isActivityPubReq(ctx: Router.RouterContext) {
+function isActivityPubReq(ctx: Router.RouterContext): boolean {
 	ctx.response.vary('Accept');
+	// if no accept header is supplied, koa returns the 1st, so html is used as a dummy
+	// i.e. activitypub requests must be explicit
 	const accepted = ctx.accepts('html', ACTIVITY_JSON, LD_JSON);
 	return typeof accepted === 'string' && !accepted.match(/html/);
 }

-export function setResponseType(ctx: Router.RouterContext) {
+export function setResponseType(ctx: Router.RouterContext): void {
 	const accept = ctx.accepts(ACTIVITY_JSON, LD_JSON);
 	if (accept === LD_JSON) {
 		ctx.response.type = LD_JSON;
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ router.get('/notes/:note', async (ctx, next) => {
 		return;
 	}

-	// リモートだったらリダイレクト
+	// redirect if remote
 	if (note.userHost != null) {
 		if (note.uri == null || isSelfHost(note.userHost)) {
 			ctx.status = 500;
@ -94,6 +94,15 @@ router.get('/notes/:note', async (ctx, next) => {

 // note activity
 router.get('/notes/:note/activity', async ctx => {
+	if (!isActivityPubReq(ctx)) {
+		/*
+		Redirect to the human readable page. in this case using next is not possible,
+		since there is no human readable page explicitly for the activity.
+		*/
+		ctx.redirect(`/notes/${ctx.params.note}`);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	const note = await Notes.findOneBy({
 		id: ctx.params.note,
 		userHost: IsNull(),
@ -149,7 +158,7 @@ router.get('/users/:user/publickey', async ctx => {
 });

 // user
-async function userInfo(ctx: Router.RouterContext, user: User | null) {
+async function userInfo(ctx: Router.RouterContext, user: User | null): Promise<void> {
 	if (user == null) {
 		ctx.status = 404;
 		return;
@ -185,7 +194,6 @@ router.get('/@:user', async (ctx, next) => {

 	await userInfo(ctx, user);
 });
-//#endregion

 // emoji
 router.get('/emojis/:emoji', async ctx => {
@ -206,6 +214,13 @@ router.get('/emojis/:emoji', async ctx => {

 // like
 router.get('/likes/:like', async ctx => {
+	const reaction = await NoteReactions.findOneBy({ id: ctx.params.like });
+
+	if (reaction == null) {
+		ctx.status = 404;
+		return;
+	}
+
 	const note = await Notes.findOneBy({
 		id: reaction.noteId,
 		visibility: In(['public' as const, 'home' as const]),
@ -216,13 +231,6 @@ router.get('/likes/:like', async ctx => {
 		return;
 	}

-	const reaction = await NoteReactions.findOneBy({ id: ctx.params.like });
-
-	if (reaction == null) {
-		ctx.status = 404;
-		return;
-	}
-
 	ctx.body = renderActivity(await renderLike(reaction, note));
 	ctx.set('Cache-Control', 'public, max-age=180');
 	setResponseType(ctx);
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/api-handler.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/api-handler.ts
@ -5,59 +5,51 @@ import authenticate, { AuthenticationError } from './authenticate.js';
 import call from './call.js';
 import { ApiError } from './error.js';

-export default (endpoint: IEndpoint, ctx: Koa.Context) => new Promise<void>((res) => {
+export async function handler(endpoint: IEndpoint, ctx: Koa.Context): Promise<void> {
 	const body = ctx.is('multipart/form-data')
 		? (ctx.request as any).body
 		: ctx.method === 'GET'
 			? ctx.query
 			: ctx.request.body;

-	const reply = (x?: any, y?: ApiError) => {
-		if (x == null) {
-			ctx.status = 204;
-		} else if (typeof x === 'number' && y) {
-			ctx.status = x;
-			ctx.body = {
-				error: {
-					message: y!.message,
-					code: y!.code,
-					id: y!.id,
-					kind: y!.kind,
-					...(y!.info ? { info: y!.info } : {}),
-				},
-			};
-		} else {
-			// 文字列を返す場合は、JSON.stringify通さないとJSONと認識されない
-			ctx.body = typeof x === 'string' ? JSON.stringify(x) : x;
+	const error = (e: ApiError): void => {
+		ctx.status = e.httpStatusCode;
+		if (e.httpStatusCode === 401) {
+			ctx.response.set('WWW-Authenticate', 'Bearer');
 		}
-		res();
+		ctx.body = {
+			error: {
+				message: e!.message,
+				code: e!.code,
+				...(e!.info ? { info: e!.info } : {}),
+				endpoint: endpoint.name,
+			},
+		};
 	};

 	// Authentication
 	// for GET requests, do not even pass on the body parameter as it is considered unsafe
-	authenticate(ctx.headers.authorization, ctx.method === 'GET' ? null : body['i']).then(([user, app]) => {
+	await authenticate(ctx.headers.authorization, ctx.method === 'GET' ? null : body['i']).then(async ([user, app]) => {
 		// API invoking
-		call(endpoint.name, user, app, body, ctx).then((res: any) => {
+		await call(endpoint.name, user, app, body, ctx).then((res: any) => {
 			if (ctx.method === 'GET' && endpoint.meta.cacheSec && !body['i'] && !user) {
 				ctx.set('Cache-Control', `public, max-age=${endpoint.meta.cacheSec}`);
 			}
-			reply(res);
+			if (res == null) {
+				ctx.status = 204;
+			} else {
+				ctx.status = 200;
+				// If a string is returned, it must be passed through JSON.stringify to be recognized as JSON.
+				ctx.body = typeof res === 'string' ? JSON.stringify(res) : res;
+			}
 		}).catch((e: ApiError) => {
-			reply(e.httpStatusCode ? e.httpStatusCode : e.kind === 'client' ? 400 : 500, e);
+			error(e);
 		});
 	}).catch(e => {
 		if (e instanceof AuthenticationError) {
-			ctx.response.status = 403;
-			ctx.response.set('WWW-Authenticate', 'Bearer');
-			ctx.response.body = {
-				message: 'Authentication failed: ' + e.message,
-				code: 'AUTHENTICATION_FAILED',
-				id: 'b0a7f5f8-dc2f-4171-b91f-de88ad238e14',
-				kind: 'client',
-			};
-			res();
+			error(new ApiError('AUTHENTICATION_FAILED', e.message));
 		} else {
-			reply(500, new ApiError());
+			error(new ApiError());
 		}
 	});
-});
+}
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/authenticate.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/authenticate.ts
@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ import { Users, AccessTokens, Apps } from '@/models/index.js';
 import { AccessToken } from '@/models/entities/access-token.js';
 import { Cache } from '@/misc/cache.js';
 import { App } from '@/models/entities/app.js';
-import { localUserByIdCache, localUserByNativeTokenCache } from '@/services/user-cache.js';
+import { userByIdCache, localUserByNativeTokenCache } from '@/services/user-cache.js';
 import isNativeToken from './common/is-native-token.js';

-const appCache = new Cache<App>(Infinity);
+const appCache = new Cache<App>(
+	Infinity,
+	(id) => Apps.findOneByOrFail({ id }),
+);

 export class AuthenticationError extends Error {
 	constructor(message: string) {
@ -15,8 +18,8 @@ export class AuthenticationError extends Error {
 	}
 }

-export default async (authorization: string | null | undefined, bodyToken: string | null): Promise<[CacheableLocalUser | null | undefined, AccessToken | null | undefined]> => {
-	let token: string | null = null;
+export default async (authorization: string | null | undefined, bodyToken: string | null | undefined): Promise<[CacheableLocalUser | null | undefined, AccessToken | null | undefined]> => {
+	let maybeToken: string | null = null;

 	// check if there is an authorization header set
 	if (authorization != null) {
@ -27,19 +30,19 @@ export default async (authorization: string | null | undefined, bodyToken: strin
 		// check if OAuth 2.0 Bearer tokens are being used
 		// Authorization schemes are case insensitive
 		if (authorization.substring(0, 7).toLowerCase() === 'bearer ') {
-			token = authorization.substring(7);
+			maybeToken = authorization.substring(7);
 		} else {
 			throw new AuthenticationError('unsupported authentication scheme');
 		}
 	} else if (bodyToken != null) {
-		token = bodyToken;
+		maybeToken = bodyToken;
 	} else {
 		return [null, null];
 	}
+	const token: string = maybeToken;

 	if (isNativeToken(token)) {
-		const user = await localUserByNativeTokenCache.fetch(token,
-			() => Users.findOneBy({ token }) as Promise<ILocalUser | null>);
+		const user = await localUserByNativeTokenCache.fetch(token);

 		if (user == null) {
 			throw new AuthenticationError('unknown token');
@ -63,14 +66,13 @@ export default async (authorization: string | null | undefined, bodyToken: strin
 			lastUsedAt: new Date(),
 		});

-		const user = await localUserByIdCache.fetch(accessToken.userId,
-			() => Users.findOneBy({
-				id: accessToken.userId,
-			}) as Promise<ILocalUser>);
+		const user = await userByIdCache.fetch(accessToken.userId);
+
+		// can't authorize remote users
+		if (!Users.isLocalUser(user)) return [null, null];

 		if (accessToken.appId) {
-			const app = await appCache.fetch(accessToken.appId,
-				() => Apps.findOneByOrFail({ id: accessToken.appId! }));
+			const app = await appCache.fetch(accessToken.appId);

 			return [user, {
 				id: accessToken.id,
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/call.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/call.ts
@ -8,29 +8,16 @@ import endpoints, { IEndpointMeta } from './endpoints.js';
 import { ApiError } from './error.js';
 import { apiLogger } from './logger.js';

-const accessDenied = {
-	message: 'Access denied.',
-	code: 'ACCESS_DENIED',
-	id: '56f35758-7dd5-468b-8439-5d6fb8ec9b8e',
-};
-
 export default async (endpoint: string, user: CacheableLocalUser | null | undefined, token: AccessToken | null | undefined, data: any, ctx?: Koa.Context) => {
 	const isSecure = user != null && token == null;
 	const isModerator = user != null && (user.isModerator || user.isAdmin);

 	const ep = endpoints.find(e => e.name === endpoint);

-	if (ep == null) {
-		throw new ApiError({
-			message: 'No such endpoint.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_ENDPOINT',
-			id: 'f8080b67-5f9c-4eb7-8c18-7f1eeae8f709',
-			httpStatusCode: 404,
-		});
-	}
+	if (ep == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_ENDPOINT');

 	if (ep.meta.secure && !isSecure) {
-		throw new ApiError(accessDenied);
+		throw new ApiError('ACCESS_DENIED', 'This operation can only be performed with a native token.');
 	}

 	if (ep.meta.limit && !isModerator) {
@ -49,48 +36,29 @@ export default async (endpoint: string, user: CacheableLocalUser | null | undefi
 		}

 		// Rate limit
-		await limiter(limit as IEndpointMeta['limit'] & { key: NonNullable<string> }, limitActor).catch(e => {
-			throw new ApiError({
-				message: 'Rate limit exceeded. Please try again later.',
-				code: 'RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED',
-				id: 'd5826d14-3982-4d2e-8011-b9e9f02499ef',
-				httpStatusCode: 429,
-			});
+		await limiter(limit as IEndpointMeta['limit'] & { key: NonNullable<string> }, limitActor).catch(() => {
+			throw new ApiError('RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED');
 		});
 	}

 	if (ep.meta.requireCredential && user == null) {
-		throw new ApiError({
-			message: 'Credential required.',
-			code: 'CREDENTIAL_REQUIRED',
-			id: '1384574d-a912-4b81-8601-c7b1c4085df1',
-			httpStatusCode: 401,
-		});
+		throw new ApiError('AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED');
 	}

 	if (ep.meta.requireCredential && user!.isSuspended) {
-		throw new ApiError({
-			message: 'Your account has been suspended.',
-			code: 'YOUR_ACCOUNT_SUSPENDED',
-			id: 'a8c724b3-6e9c-4b46-b1a8-bc3ed6258370',
-			httpStatusCode: 403,
-		});
+		throw new ApiError('SUSPENDED');
 	}

 	if (ep.meta.requireAdmin && !user!.isAdmin) {
-		throw new ApiError(accessDenied, { reason: 'You are not the admin.' });
+		throw new ApiError('ACCESS_DENIED', 'This operation requires administrator privileges.');
 	}

 	if (ep.meta.requireModerator && !isModerator) {
-		throw new ApiError(accessDenied, { reason: 'You are not a moderator.' });
+		throw new ApiError('ACCESS_DENIED', 'This operation requires moderator privileges.');
 	}

 	if (token && ep.meta.kind && !token.permission.some(p => p === ep.meta.kind)) {
-		throw new ApiError({
-			message: 'Your app does not have the necessary permissions to use this endpoint.',
-			code: 'PERMISSION_DENIED',
-			id: '1370e5b7-d4eb-4566-bb1d-7748ee6a1838',
-		});
+		throw new ApiError('ACCESS_DENIED', 'This operation requires privileges which this token does not grant.');
 	}

 	// Cast non JSON input
@ -101,11 +69,7 @@ export default async (endpoint: string, user: CacheableLocalUser | null | undefi
 				try {
 					data[k] = JSON.parse(data[k]);
 				} catch (e) {
-					throw	new ApiError({
-						message: 'Invalid param.',
-						code: 'INVALID_PARAM',
-						id: '0b5f1631-7c1a-41a6-b399-cce335f34d85',
-					}, {
+					throw new ApiError('INVALID_PARAM', {
 						param: k,
 						reason: `cannot cast to ${param.type}`,
 					});
@ -129,7 +93,7 @@ export default async (endpoint: string, user: CacheableLocalUser | null | undefi
 					stack: e.stack,
 				},
 			});
-			throw new ApiError(null, {
+			throw new ApiError('INTERNAL_ERROR', {
 				e: {
 					message: e.message,
 					code: e.name,
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/common/signup.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/common/signup.ts
@ -24,25 +24,13 @@ export async function signup(opts: {

 	// Validate username
 	if (!Users.validateLocalUsername(username)) {
-		throw new ApiError({
-			message: 'This username is invalid.',
-			code: 'INVALID_USERNAME',
-			id: 'ece89f3c-d845-4d9a-850b-1735285e8cd4',
-			kind: 'client',
-			httpStatusCode: 400,
-		});
+		throw new ApiError('INVALID_USERNAME');
 	}

 	if (password != null && passwordHash == null) {
 		// Validate password
 		if (!Users.validatePassword(password)) {
-			throw new ApiError({
-				message: 'This password is invalid.',
-				code: 'INVALID_PASSWORD',
-				id: 'a941905b-fe7b-43e2-8ecd-50ad3a2287ab',
-				kind: 'client',
-				httpStatusCode: 400,
-			});
+			throw new ApiError('INVALID_PASSWORD');
 		}

 		// Generate hash of password
@ -53,22 +41,14 @@ export async function signup(opts: {
 	// Generate secret
 	const secret = generateUserToken();

-	const duplicateUsernameError = {
-		message: 'This username is not available.',
-		code: 'USED_USERNAME',
-		id: '7ddd595e-6860-4593-93c5-9fdbcb80cd81',
-		kind: 'client',
-		httpStatusCode: 409,
-	};
-
 	// Check username duplication
 	if (await Users.findOneBy({ usernameLower: username.toLowerCase(), host: IsNull() })) {
-		throw new ApiError(duplicateUsernameError);
+		throw new ApiError('USED_USERNAME');
 	}

 	// Check deleted username duplication
 	if (await UsedUsernames.findOneBy({ username: username.toLowerCase() })) {
-		throw new ApiError(duplicateUsernameError);
+		throw new ApiError('USED_USERNAME');
 	}

 	const keyPair = await new Promise<string[]>((res, rej) =>
@ -97,7 +77,7 @@ export async function signup(opts: {
 			host: IsNull(),
 		});

-		if (exist) throw new ApiError(duplicateUsernameError);
+		if (exist) throw new ApiError('USED_USERNAME');

 		account = await transactionalEntityManager.save(new User({
 			id: genId(),
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/define.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/define.ts
@ -28,22 +28,16 @@ export default function <T extends IEndpointMeta, Ps extends Schema>(meta: T, pa
 			fs.unlink(file.path, () => {});
 		}

-		if (meta.requireFile && file == null) return Promise.reject(new ApiError({
-			message: 'File required.',
-			code: 'FILE_REQUIRED',
-			id: '4267801e-70d1-416a-b011-4ee502885d8b',
-		}));
+		if (meta.requireFile && file == null) {
+			return Promise.reject(new ApiError('FILE_REQUIRED'));
+		}

 		const valid = validate(params);
 		if (!valid) {
 			if (file) cleanup();

 			const errors = validate.errors!;
-			const err = new ApiError({
-				message: 'Invalid param.',
-				code: 'INVALID_PARAM',
-				id: '3d81ceae-475f-4600-b2a8-2bc116157532',
-			}, {
+			const err = new ApiError('INVALID_PARAM', {
 				param: errors[0].schemaPath,
 				reason: errors[0].message,
 			});
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints.ts
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Schema } from '@/misc/schema.js';
+import { errors } from './error.js';

 import * as ep___admin_meta from './endpoints/admin/meta.js';
 import * as ep___admin_abuseUserReports from './endpoints/admin/abuse-user-reports.js';
@ -270,14 +271,12 @@ import * as ep___serverInfo from './endpoints/server-info.js';
 import * as ep___stats from './endpoints/stats.js';
 import * as ep___sw_register from './endpoints/sw/register.js';
 import * as ep___sw_unregister from './endpoints/sw/unregister.js';
-import * as ep___test from './endpoints/test.js';
 import * as ep___username_available from './endpoints/username/available.js';
 import * as ep___users from './endpoints/users.js';
 import * as ep___users_clips from './endpoints/users/clips.js';
 import * as ep___users_followers from './endpoints/users/followers.js';
 import * as ep___users_following from './endpoints/users/following.js';
 import * as ep___users_gallery_posts from './endpoints/users/gallery/posts.js';
-import * as ep___users_getFrequentlyRepliedUsers from './endpoints/users/get-frequently-replied-users.js';
 import * as ep___users_groups_create from './endpoints/users/groups/create.js';
 import * as ep___users_groups_delete from './endpoints/users/groups/delete.js';
 import * as ep___users_groups_invitations_accept from './endpoints/users/groups/invitations/accept.js';
@ -580,14 +579,12 @@ const eps = [
 	['stats', ep___stats],
 	['sw/register', ep___sw_register],
 	['sw/unregister', ep___sw_unregister],
-	['test', ep___test],
 	['username/available', ep___username_available],
 	['users', ep___users],
 	['users/clips', ep___users_clips],
 	['users/followers', ep___users_followers],
 	['users/following', ep___users_following],
 	['users/gallery/posts', ep___users_gallery_posts],
-	['users/get-frequently-replied-users', ep___users_getFrequentlyRepliedUsers],
 	['users/groups/create', ep___users_groups_create],
 	['users/groups/delete', ep___users_groups_delete],
 	['users/groups/invitations/accept', ep___users_groups_invitations_accept],
@ -625,13 +622,7 @@ export interface IEndpointMeta {

 	readonly tags?: ReadonlyArray<string>;

-	readonly errors?: {
-		readonly [key: string]: {
-			readonly message: string;
-			readonly code: string;
-			readonly id: string;
-		};
-	};
+	readonly errors?: ReadonlyArray<keyof typeof errors>;

 	readonly res?: Schema;

--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/announcements/delete.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/announcements/delete.ts
@ -8,13 +8,7 @@ export const meta = {
 	requireCredential: true,
 	requireModerator: true,

-	errors: {
-		noSuchAnnouncement: {
-			message: 'No such announcement.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_ANNOUNCEMENT',
-			id: 'ecad8040-a276-4e85-bda9-015a708d291e',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_ANNOUNCEMENT'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -29,7 +23,7 @@ export const paramDef = {
 export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 	const announcement = await Announcements.findOneBy({ id: ps.id });

-	if (announcement == null) throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchAnnouncement);
+	if (announcement == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_ANNOUNCEMENT');

 	await Announcements.delete(announcement.id);
 });
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/announcements/update.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/announcements/update.ts
@ -8,13 +8,7 @@ export const meta = {
 	requireCredential: true,
 	requireModerator: true,

-	errors: {
-		noSuchAnnouncement: {
-			message: 'No such announcement.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_ANNOUNCEMENT',
-			id: 'd3aae5a7-6372-4cb4-b61c-f511ffc2d7cc',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_ANNOUNCEMENT'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -32,7 +26,7 @@ export const paramDef = {
 export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 	const announcement = await Announcements.findOneBy({ id: ps.id });

-	if (announcement == null) throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchAnnouncement);
+	if (announcement == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_ANNOUNCEMENT');

 	await Announcements.update(announcement.id, {
 		updatedAt: new Date(),
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/drive/show-file.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/drive/show-file.ts
@ -8,13 +8,7 @@ export const meta = {
 	requireCredential: true,
 	requireModerator: true,

-	errors: {
-		noSuchFile: {
-			message: 'No such file.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FILE',
-			id: 'caf3ca38-c6e5-472e-a30c-b05377dcc240',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_FILE'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -180,9 +174,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 		}],
 	});

-	if (file == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFile);
-	}
+	if (file == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FILE');

 	return file;
 });
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/emoji/add.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/emoji/add.ts
@ -13,13 +13,7 @@ export const meta = {
 	requireCredential: true,
 	requireModerator: true,

-	errors: {
-		noSuchFile: {
-			message: 'No such file.',
-			code: 'MO_SUCH_FILE',
-			id: 'fc46b5a4-6b92-4c33-ac66-b806659bb5cf',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_FILE'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -34,7 +28,7 @@ export const paramDef = {
 export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 	const file = await DriveFiles.findOneBy({ id: ps.fileId });

-	if (file == null) throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFile);
+	if (file == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FILE');

 	const name = file.name.split('.')[0].match(/^[a-z0-9_]+$/) ? file.name.split('.')[0] : `_${rndstr('a-z0-9', 8)}_`;

--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/emoji/copy.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/emoji/copy.ts
@ -13,13 +13,7 @@ export const meta = {
 	requireCredential: true,
 	requireModerator: true,

-	errors: {
-		noSuchEmoji: {
-			message: 'No such emoji.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_EMOJI',
-			id: 'e2785b66-dca3-4087-9cac-b93c541cc425',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_EMOJI', 'INTERNAL_ERROR'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -46,9 +40,7 @@ export const paramDef = {
 export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 	const emoji = await Emojis.findOneBy({ id: ps.emojiId });

-	if (emoji == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchEmoji);
-	}
+	if (emoji == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_EMOJI');

 	let driveFile: DriveFile;

@ -56,7 +48,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 		// Create file
 		driveFile = await uploadFromUrl({ url: emoji.originalUrl, user: null, force: true });
 	} catch (e) {
-		throw new ApiError();
+		throw new ApiError('INTERNAL_ERROR', e);
 	}

 	const copied = await Emojis.insert({
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/emoji/delete.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/emoji/delete.ts
@ -10,13 +10,7 @@ export const meta = {
 	requireCredential: true,
 	requireModerator: true,

-	errors: {
-		noSuchEmoji: {
-			message: 'No such emoji.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_EMOJI',
-			id: 'be83669b-773a-44b7-b1f8-e5e5170ac3c2',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_EMOJI'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -31,7 +25,7 @@ export const paramDef = {
 export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 	const emoji = await Emojis.findOneBy({ id: ps.id });

-	if (emoji == null) throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchEmoji);
+	if (emoji == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_EMOJI');

 	await Emojis.delete(emoji.id);

--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/emoji/update.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/emoji/update.ts
@ -9,13 +9,7 @@ export const meta = {
 	requireCredential: true,
 	requireModerator: true,

-	errors: {
-		noSuchEmoji: {
-			message: 'No such emoji.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_EMOJI',
-			id: '684dec9d-a8c2-4364-9aa8-456c49cb1dc8',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_EMOJI'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -39,7 +33,7 @@ export const paramDef = {
 export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps) => {
 	const emoji = await Emojis.findOneBy({ id: ps.id });

-	if (emoji == null) throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchEmoji);
+	if (emoji == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_EMOJI');

 	await Emojis.update(emoji.id, {
 		updatedAt: new Date(),
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/relays/add.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/relays/add.ts
@ -9,13 +9,7 @@ export const meta = {
 	requireCredential: true,
 	requireModerator: true,

-	errors: {
-		invalidUrl: {
-			message: 'Invalid URL',
-			code: 'INVALID_URL',
-			id: 'fb8c92d3-d4e5-44e7-b3d4-800d5cef8b2c',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['INVALID_URL'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -58,8 +52,8 @@ export const paramDef = {
 export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 	try {
 		if (new URL(ps.inbox).protocol !== 'https:') throw new Error('https only');
-	} catch {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.invalidUrl);
+	} catch (e) {
+		throw new ApiError('INVALID_URL', e);
 	}

 	return await addRelay(ps.inbox);
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/update-meta.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/admin/update-meta.ts
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-import { Meta } from '@/models/entities/meta.js';
 import { insertModerationLog } from '@/services/insert-moderation-log.js';
-import { db } from '@/db/postgre.js';
+import { fetchMeta, setMeta } from '@/misc/fetch-meta.js';
 import define from '../../define.js';

 export const meta = {
@ -375,20 +374,10 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 		set.deeplIsPro = ps.deeplIsPro;
 	}

-	await db.transaction(async transactionalEntityManager => {
-		const metas = await transactionalEntityManager.find(Meta, {
-			order: {
-				id: 'DESC',
-			},
-		});
-
-		const meta = metas[0];
-
-		if (meta) {
-			await transactionalEntityManager.update(Meta, meta.id, set);
-		} else {
-			await transactionalEntityManager.save(Meta, set);
-		}
+	const meta = await fetchMeta();
+	await setMeta({
+		...meta,
+		...set,
 	});

 	insertModerationLog(me, 'updateMeta');
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/create.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/create.ts
@ -11,19 +11,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchUserList: {
-			message: 'No such user list.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_USER_LIST',
-			id: '95063e93-a283-4b8b-9aa5-bcdb8df69a7f',
-		},
-
-		noSuchUserGroup: {
-			message: 'No such user group.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_USER_GROUP',
-			id: 'aa3c0b9a-8cae-47c0-92ac-202ce5906682',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_USER_LIST', 'NO_SUCH_GROUP'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -71,18 +59,14 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 			userId: user.id,
 		});

-		if (userList == null) {
-			throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchUserList);
-		}
+		if (userList == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_USER_LIST');
 	} else if (ps.src === 'group' && ps.userGroupId) {
 		userGroupJoining = await UserGroupJoinings.findOneBy({
 			userGroupId: ps.userGroupId,
 			userId: user.id,
 		});

-		if (userGroupJoining == null) {
-			throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchUserGroup);
-		}
+		if (userGroupJoining == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_GROUP');
 	}

 	const antenna = await Antennas.insert({
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/delete.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/delete.ts
@ -10,13 +10,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchAntenna: {
-			message: 'No such antenna.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_ANTENNA',
-			id: 'b34dcf9d-348f-44bb-99d0-6c9314cfe2df',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_ANTENNA'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -34,9 +28,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (antenna == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchAntenna);
-	}
+	if (antenna == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_ANTENNA');

 	await Antennas.delete(antenna.id);

--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/notes.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/notes.ts
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import readNote from '@/services/note/read.js';
+import { readNote } from '@/services/note/read.js';
 import { Antennas, Notes, AntennaNotes } from '@/models/index.js';
 import { makePaginationQuery } from '../../common/make-pagination-query.js';
 import { generateVisibilityQuery } from '../../common/generate-visibility-query.js';
@ -14,13 +14,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'read:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchAntenna: {
-			message: 'No such antenna.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_ANTENNA',
-			id: '850926e0-fd3b-49b6-b69a-b28a5dbd82fe',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_ANTENNA'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'array',
@ -53,9 +47,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (antenna == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchAntenna);
-	}
+	if (antenna == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_ANTENNA');

 	const query = makePaginationQuery(Notes.createQueryBuilder('note'),
 		ps.sinceId, ps.untilId, ps.sinceDate, ps.untilDate)
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/show.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/show.ts
@ -9,13 +9,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'read:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchAntenna: {
-			message: 'No such antenna.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_ANTENNA',
-			id: 'c06569fb-b025-4f23-b22d-1fcd20d2816b',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_ANTENNA'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -40,9 +34,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 		userId: me.id,
 	});

-	if (antenna == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchAntenna);
-	}
+	if (antenna == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_ANTENNA');

 	return await Antennas.pack(antenna);
 });
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/update.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/update.ts
@ -10,25 +10,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchAntenna: {
-			message: 'No such antenna.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_ANTENNA',
-			id: '10c673ac-8852-48eb-aa1f-f5b67f069290',
-		},
-
-		noSuchUserList: {
-			message: 'No such user list.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_USER_LIST',
-			id: '1c6b35c9-943e-48c2-81e4-2844989407f7',
-		},
-
-		noSuchUserGroup: {
-			message: 'No such user group.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_USER_GROUP',
-			id: '109ed789-b6eb-456e-b8a9-6059d567d385',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_ANTENNA', 'NO_SUCH_USER_LIST', 'NO_SUCH_GROUP'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -74,9 +56,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (antenna == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchAntenna);
-	}
+	if (antenna == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_ANTENNA');

 	let userList;
 	let userGroupJoining;
@ -87,18 +67,14 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 			userId: user.id,
 		});

-		if (userList == null) {
-			throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchUserList);
-		}
+		if (userList == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_USER_LIST');
 	} else if (ps.src === 'group' && ps.userGroupId) {
 		userGroupJoining = await UserGroupJoinings.findOneBy({
 			userGroupId: ps.userGroupId,
 			userId: user.id,
 		});

-		if (userGroupJoining == null) {
-			throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchUserGroup);
-		}
+		if (userGroupJoining == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_GROUP');
 	}

 	await Antennas.update(antenna.id, {
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/ap/get.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/ap/get.ts
@ -12,9 +12,6 @@ export const meta = {
 		max: 30,
 	},

-	errors: {
-	},
-
 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
 		optional: false, nullable: false,
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/ap/show.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/ap/show.ts
@ -24,13 +24,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		max: 30,
 	},

-	errors: {
-		noSuchObject: {
-			message: 'No such object.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_OBJECT',
-			id: 'dc94d745-1262-4e63-a17d-fecaa57efc82',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_OBJECT'],

 	res: {
 		optional: false, nullable: false,
@ -83,7 +77,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 	if (object) {
 		return object;
 	} else {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchObject);
+		throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_OBJECT');
 	}
 });

--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/app/create.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/app/create.ts
@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Apps } from '@/models/index.js';
 import { genId } from '@/misc/gen-id.js';
 import { unique } from '@/prelude/array.js';
 import { secureRndstr } from '@/misc/secure-rndstr.js';
+import { kinds } from '@/misc/api-permissions.js';
 import define from '../../define.js';

 export const meta = {
@ -21,10 +22,14 @@ export const paramDef = {
 	properties: {
 		name: { type: 'string' },
 		description: { type: 'string' },
-		permission: { type: 'array', uniqueItems: true, items: {
-			type: 'string',
-			// FIXME: add enum of possible permissions
-		} },
+		permission: {
+			type: 'array',
+			uniqueItems: true,
+			items: {
+				type: 'string',
+				enum: kinds,
+			},
+		},
 		callbackUrl: { type: 'string', nullable: true },
 	},
 	required: ['name', 'description', 'permission'],
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/app/show.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/app/show.ts
@ -5,13 +5,7 @@ import { ApiError } from '../../error.js';
 export const meta = {
 	tags: ['app'],

-	errors: {
-		noSuchApp: {
-			message: 'No such app.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_APP',
-			id: 'dce83913-2dc6-4093-8a7b-71dbb11718a3',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_APP'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -33,14 +27,12 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user, token) => {
 	const isSecure = user != null && token == null;

 	// Lookup app
-	const ap = await Apps.findOneBy({ id: ps.appId });
+	const app = await Apps.findOneBy({ id: ps.appId });

-	if (ap == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchApp);
-	}
+	if (app == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_APP');

-	return await Apps.pack(ap, user, {
+	return await Apps.pack(app, user, {
 		detail: true,
-		includeSecret: isSecure && (ap.userId === user!.id),
+		includeSecret: isSecure && (app.userId === user!.id),
 	});
 });
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/auth/accept.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/auth/accept.ts
@ -12,13 +12,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	secure: true,

-	errors: {
-		noSuchSession: {
-			message: 'No such session.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_SESSION',
-			id: '9c72d8de-391a-43c1-9d06-08d29efde8df',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_SESSION'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -35,9 +29,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 	const session = await AuthSessions
 		.findOneBy({ token: ps.token });

-	if (session == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchSession);
-	}
+	if (session == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_SESSION');

 	// Generate access token
 	const accessToken = secureRndstr(32, true);
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/auth/session/generate.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/auth/session/generate.ts
@ -26,13 +26,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		},
 	},

-	errors: {
-		noSuchApp: {
-			message: 'No such app.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_APP',
-			id: '92f93e63-428e-4f2f-a5a4-39e1407fe998',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_APP'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -51,7 +45,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps) => {
 	});

 	if (app == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchApp);
+		throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_APP');
 	}

 	// Generate token
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/auth/session/show.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/auth/session/show.ts
@ -7,13 +7,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	requireCredential: false,

-	errors: {
-		noSuchSession: {
-			message: 'No such session.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_SESSION',
-			id: 'bd72c97d-eba7-4adb-a467-f171b8847250',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_SESSION'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -52,9 +46,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		token: ps.token,
 	});

-	if (session == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchSession);
-	}
+	if (session == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_SESSION');

 	return await AuthSessions.pack(session, user);
 });
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/auth/session/userkey.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/auth/session/userkey.ts
@ -24,25 +24,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		},
 	},

-	errors: {
-		noSuchApp: {
-			message: 'No such app.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_APP',
-			id: 'fcab192a-2c5a-43b7-8ad8-9b7054d8d40d',
-		},
-
-		noSuchSession: {
-			message: 'No such session.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_SESSION',
-			id: '5b5a1503-8bc8-4bd0-8054-dc189e8cdcb3',
-		},
-
-		pendingSession: {
-			message: 'This session is not completed yet.',
-			code: 'PENDING_SESSION',
-			id: '8c8a4145-02cc-4cca-8e66-29ba60445a8e',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_APP', 'NO_SUCH_SESSION', 'PENDING_SESSION'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -61,9 +43,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps) => {
 		secret: ps.appSecret,
 	});

-	if (app == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchApp);
-	}
+	if (app == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_APP');

 	// Fetch token
 	const session = await AuthSessions.findOneBy({
@ -71,13 +51,9 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps) => {
 		appId: app.id,
 	});

-	if (session == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchSession);
-	}
+	if (session == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_SESSION');

-	if (session.userId == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.pendingSession);
-	}
+	if (session.userId == null) throw new ApiError('PENDING_SESSION');

 	// Lookup access token
 	const accessToken = await AccessTokens.findOneByOrFail({
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/blocking/create.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/blocking/create.ts
@ -17,25 +17,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:blocks',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchUser: {
-			message: 'No such user.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_USER',
-			id: '7cc4f851-e2f1-4621-9633-ec9e1d00c01e',
-		},
-
-		blockeeIsYourself: {
-			message: 'Blockee is yourself.',
-			code: 'BLOCKEE_IS_YOURSELF',
-			id: '88b19138-f28d-42c0-8499-6a31bbd0fdc6',
-		},
-
-		alreadyBlocking: {
-			message: 'You are already blocking that user.',
-			code: 'ALREADY_BLOCKING',
-			id: '787fed64-acb9-464a-82eb-afbd745b9614',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_USER', 'BLOCKEE_IS_YOURSELF', 'ALREADY_BLOCKING'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -57,13 +39,11 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 	const blocker = await Users.findOneByOrFail({ id: user.id });

 	// 自分自身
-	if (user.id === ps.userId) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.blockeeIsYourself);
-	}
+	if (user.id === ps.userId) throw new ApiError('BLOCKEE_IS_YOURSELF');

 	// Get blockee
 	const blockee = await getUser(ps.userId).catch(e => {
-		if (e.id === '15348ddd-432d-49c2-8a5a-8069753becff') throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchUser);
+		if (e.id === '15348ddd-432d-49c2-8a5a-8069753becff') throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_USER');
 		throw e;
 	});

@ -73,9 +53,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		blockeeId: blockee.id,
 	});

-	if (exist != null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.alreadyBlocking);
-	}
+	if (exist != null) throw new ApiError('ALREADY_BLOCKING');

 	await create(blocker, blockee);

--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/blocking/delete.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/blocking/delete.ts
@ -17,25 +17,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:blocks',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchUser: {
-			message: 'No such user.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_USER',
-			id: '8621d8bf-c358-4303-a066-5ea78610eb3f',
-		},
-
-		blockeeIsYourself: {
-			message: 'Blockee is yourself.',
-			code: 'BLOCKEE_IS_YOURSELF',
-			id: '06f6fac6-524b-473c-a354-e97a40ae6eac',
-		},
-
-		notBlocking: {
-			message: 'You are not blocking that user.',
-			code: 'NOT_BLOCKING',
-			id: '291b2efa-60c6-45c0-9f6a-045c8f9b02cd',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_USER', 'BLOCKEE_IS_YOURSELF', 'NOT_BLOCKING'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -54,16 +36,14 @@ export const paramDef = {

 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-default-export
 export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
-	const blocker = await Users.findOneByOrFail({ id: user.id });
-
 	// Check if the blockee is yourself
-	if (user.id === ps.userId) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.blockeeIsYourself);
-	}
+	if (user.id === ps.userId) throw new ApiError('BLOCKEE_IS_YOURSELF');
+
+	const blocker = await Users.findOneByOrFail({ id: user.id });

 	// Get blockee
 	const blockee = await getUser(ps.userId).catch(e => {
-		if (e.id === '15348ddd-432d-49c2-8a5a-8069753becff') throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchUser);
+		if (e.id === '15348ddd-432d-49c2-8a5a-8069753becff') throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_USER');
 		throw e;
 	});

@ -73,9 +53,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		blockeeId: blockee.id,
 	});

-	if (exist == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.notBlocking);
-	}
+	if (exist == null) throw new ApiError('NOT_BLOCKING');

 	// Delete blocking
 	await deleteBlocking(blocker, blockee);
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/create.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/create.ts
@ -17,13 +17,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		ref: 'Channel',
 	},

-	errors: {
-		noSuchFile: {
-			message: 'No such file.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FILE',
-			id: 'cd1e9f3e-5a12-4ab4-96f6-5d0a2cc32050',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_FILE'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -45,9 +39,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 			userId: user.id,
 		});

-		if (banner == null) {
-			throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFile);
-		}
+		if (banner == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FILE');
 	}

 	const channel = await Channels.insert({
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/follow.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/follow.ts
@ -11,13 +11,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:channels',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchChannel: {
-			message: 'No such channel.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CHANNEL',
-			id: 'c0031718-d573-4e85-928e-10039f1fbb68',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_CHANNEL'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -34,9 +28,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		id: ps.channelId,
 	});

-	if (channel == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchChannel);
-	}
+	if (channel == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CHANNEL');

 	await ChannelFollowings.insert({
 		id: genId(),
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/show.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/show.ts
@ -13,13 +13,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		ref: 'Channel',
 	},

-	errors: {
-		noSuchChannel: {
-			message: 'No such channel.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CHANNEL',
-			id: '6f6c314b-7486-4897-8966-c04a66a02923',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_CHANNEL'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -36,9 +30,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 		id: ps.channelId,
 	});

-	if (channel == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchChannel);
-	}
+	if (channel == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CHANNEL');

 	return await Channels.pack(channel, me);
 });
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/timeline.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/timeline.ts
@ -19,13 +19,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		},
 	},

-	errors: {
-		noSuchChannel: {
-			message: 'No such channel.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CHANNEL',
-			id: '4d0eeeba-a02c-4c3c-9966-ef60d38d2e7f',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_CHANNEL'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -47,9 +41,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		id: ps.channelId,
 	});

-	if (channel == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchChannel);
-	}
+	if (channel == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CHANNEL');

 	//#region Construct query
 	const query = makePaginationQuery(Notes.createQueryBuilder('note'), ps.sinceId, ps.untilId, ps.sinceDate, ps.untilDate)
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/unfollow.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/unfollow.ts
@ -10,13 +10,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:channels',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchChannel: {
-			message: 'No such channel.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CHANNEL',
-			id: '19959ee9-0153-4c51-bbd9-a98c49dc59d6',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_CHANNEL'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -33,9 +27,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		id: ps.channelId,
 	});

-	if (channel == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchChannel);
-	}
+	if (channel == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CHANNEL');

 	await ChannelFollowings.delete({
 		followerId: user.id,
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/update.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/channels/update.ts
@ -15,25 +15,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		ref: 'Channel',
 	},

-	errors: {
-		noSuchChannel: {
-			message: 'No such channel.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CHANNEL',
-			id: 'f9c5467f-d492-4c3c-9a8d-a70dacc86512',
-		},
-
-		accessDenied: {
-			message: 'You do not have edit privilege of the channel.',
-			code: 'ACCESS_DENIED',
-			id: '1fb7cb09-d46a-4fdf-b8df-057788cce513',
-		},
-
-		noSuchFile: {
-			message: 'No such file.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FILE',
-			id: 'e86c14a4-0da2-4032-8df3-e737a04c7f3b',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['ACCESS_DENIED', 'NO_SUCH_CHANNEL', 'NO_SUCH_FILE'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -53,13 +35,9 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 		id: ps.channelId,
 	});

-	if (channel == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchChannel);
-	}
+	if (channel == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CHANNEL');

-	if (channel.userId !== me.id) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.accessDenied);
-	}
+	if (channel.userId !== me.id) throw new ApiError('ACCESS_DENIED', 'You are not the owner of this channel.');

 	// eslint:disable-next-line:no-unnecessary-initializer
 	let banner = undefined;
@ -69,9 +47,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 			userId: me.id,
 		});

-		if (banner == null) {
-			throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFile);
-		}
+		if (banner == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FILE');
 	} else if (ps.bannerId === null) {
 		banner = null;
 	}
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/add-note.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/add-note.ts
@ -11,25 +11,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchClip: {
-			message: 'No such clip.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CLIP',
-			id: 'd6e76cc0-a1b5-4c7c-a287-73fa9c716dcf',
-		},
-
-		noSuchNote: {
-			message: 'No such note.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_NOTE',
-			id: 'fc8c0b49-c7a3-4664-a0a6-b418d386bb8b',
-		},
-
-		alreadyClipped: {
-			message: 'The note has already been clipped.',
-			code: 'ALREADY_CLIPPED',
-			id: '734806c4-542c-463a-9311-15c512803965',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['ALREADY_CLIPPED', 'NO_SUCH_CLIP', 'NO_SUCH_NOTE'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -48,12 +30,10 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (clip == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchClip);
-	}
+	if (clip == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CLIP');

 	const note = await getNote(ps.noteId, user).catch(err => {
-		if (err.id === '9725d0ce-ba28-4dde-95a7-2cbb2c15de24') throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchNote);
+		if (err.id === '9725d0ce-ba28-4dde-95a7-2cbb2c15de24') throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_NOTE');
 		throw err;
 	});

@ -62,9 +42,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		clipId: clip.id,
 	});

-	if (exist != null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.alreadyClipped);
-	}
+	if (exist != null) throw new ApiError('ALREADY_CLIPPED');

 	await ClipNotes.insert({
 		id: genId(),
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/delete.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/delete.ts
@ -9,13 +9,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchClip: {
-			message: 'No such clip.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CLIP',
-			id: '70ca08ba-6865-4630-b6fb-8494759aa754',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_CLIP'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -33,9 +27,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (clip == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchClip);
-	}
+	if (clip == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CLIP');

 	await Clips.delete(clip.id);
 });
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/notes.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/notes.ts
@ -13,13 +13,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'read:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchClip: {
-			message: 'No such clip.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CLIP',
-			id: '1d7645e6-2b6d-4635-b0fe-fe22b0e72e00',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_CLIP'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'array',
@ -49,12 +43,10 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		id: ps.clipId,
 	});

-	if (clip == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchClip);
-	}
+	if (clip == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CLIP');

 	if (!clip.isPublic && (user == null || (clip.userId !== user.id))) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchClip);
+		throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CLIP');
 	}

 	const query = makePaginationQuery(Notes.createQueryBuilder('note'), ps.sinceId, ps.untilId)
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/remove-note.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/remove-note.ts
@ -10,19 +10,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchClip: {
-			message: 'No such clip.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CLIP',
-			id: 'b80525c6-97f7-49d7-a42d-ebccd49cfd52',
-		},
-
-		noSuchNote: {
-			message: 'No such note.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_NOTE',
-			id: 'aff017de-190e-434b-893e-33a9ff5049d8',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_CLIP', 'NO_SUCH_NOTE', 'NOT_CLIPPED'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -41,17 +29,17 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (clip == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchClip);
-	}
+	if (clip == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CLIP');

 	const note = await getNote(ps.noteId).catch(e => {
-		if (e.id === '9725d0ce-ba28-4dde-95a7-2cbb2c15de24') throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchNote);
+		if (e.id === '9725d0ce-ba28-4dde-95a7-2cbb2c15de24') throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_NOTE');
 		throw e;
 	});

-	await ClipNotes.delete({
+	const { affected } = await ClipNotes.delete({
 		noteId: note.id,
 		clipId: clip.id,
 	});
+
+	if (affected === 0) throw new ApiError('NOT_CLIPPED');
 });
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/show.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/show.ts
@ -9,13 +9,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'read:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchClip: {
-			message: 'No such clip.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CLIP',
-			id: 'c3c5fe33-d62c-44d2-9ea5-d997703f5c20',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_CLIP'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -39,12 +33,10 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, me) => {
 		id: ps.clipId,
 	});

-	if (clip == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchClip);
-	}
+	if (clip == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CLIP');

 	if (!clip.isPublic && (me == null || (clip.userId !== me.id))) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchClip);
+		throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CLIP');
 	}

 	return await Clips.pack(clip);
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/update.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/clips/update.ts
@ -9,13 +9,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:account',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchClip: {
-			message: 'No such clip.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_CLIP',
-			id: 'b4d92d70-b216-46fa-9a3f-a8c811699257',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_CLIP'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -43,9 +37,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (clip == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchClip);
-	}
+	if (clip == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_CLIP');

 	await Clips.update(clip.id, {
 		name: ps.name,
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/files/attached-notes.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/files/attached-notes.ts
@ -21,13 +21,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		},
 	},

-	errors: {
-		noSuchFile: {
-			message: 'No such file.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FILE',
-			id: 'c118ece3-2e4b-4296-99d1-51756e32d232',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_FILE'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -46,9 +40,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (file == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFile);
-	}
+	if (file == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FILE');

 	const notes = await Notes.createQueryBuilder('note')
 		.where(':file = ANY(note.fileIds)', { file: file.id })
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/files/create.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/files/create.ts
@ -28,13 +28,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		ref: 'DriveFile',
 	},

-	errors: {
-		invalidFileName: {
-			message: 'Invalid file name.',
-			code: 'INVALID_FILE_NAME',
-			id: 'f449b209-0c60-4e51-84d5-29486263bfd4',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['INTERNAL_ERROR', 'INVALID_FILE_NAME'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -60,7 +54,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user, _, file, cleanup) => {
 		} else if (name === 'blob') {
 			name = null;
 		} else if (!DriveFiles.validateFileName(name)) {
-			throw new ApiError(meta.errors.invalidFileName);
+			throw new ApiError('INVALID_FILE_NAME');
 		}
 	} else {
 		name = null;
@ -74,7 +68,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user, _, file, cleanup) => {
 		if (e instanceof Error || typeof e === 'string') {
 			apiLogger.error(e);
 		}
-		throw new ApiError();
+		throw new ApiError('INTERNAL_ERROR');
 	} finally {
 		cleanup!();
 	}
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/files/delete.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/files/delete.ts
@ -13,19 +13,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	description: 'Delete an existing drive file.',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchFile: {
-			message: 'No such file.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FILE',
-			id: '908939ec-e52b-4458-b395-1025195cea58',
-		},
-
-		accessDenied: {
-			message: 'Access denied.',
-			code: 'ACCESS_DENIED',
-			id: '5eb8d909-2540-4970-90b8-dd6f86088121',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['ACCESS_DENIED', 'NO_SUCH_FILE'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -40,12 +28,10 @@ export const paramDef = {
 export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 	const file = await DriveFiles.findOneBy({ id: ps.fileId });

-	if (file == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFile);
-	}
+	if (file == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FILE');

 	if ((!user.isAdmin && !user.isModerator) && (file.userId !== user.id)) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.accessDenied);
+		throw new ApiError('ACCESS_DENIED');
 	}

 	// Delete
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/files/show.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/files/show.ts
@ -18,19 +18,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		ref: 'DriveFile',
 	},

-	errors: {
-		noSuchFile: {
-			message: 'No such file.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FILE',
-			id: '067bc436-2718-4795-b0fb-ecbe43949e31',
-		},
-
-		accessDenied: {
-			message: 'Access denied.',
-			code: 'ACCESS_DENIED',
-			id: '25b73c73-68b1-41d0-bad1-381cfdf6579f',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['ACCESS_DENIED', 'NO_SUCH_FILE'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -69,12 +57,10 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		});
 	}

-	if (file == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFile);
-	}
+	if (file == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FILE');

 	if ((!user.isAdmin && !user.isModerator) && (file.userId !== user.id)) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.accessDenied);
+		throw new ApiError('ACCESS_DENIED');
 	}

 	return await DriveFiles.pack(file, {
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/files/update.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/files/update.ts
@ -12,31 +12,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	description: 'Update the properties of a drive file.',

-	errors: {
-		invalidFileName: {
-			message: 'Invalid file name.',
-			code: 'INVALID_FILE_NAME',
-			id: '395e7156-f9f0-475e-af89-53c3c23080c2',
-		},
-
-		noSuchFile: {
-			message: 'No such file.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FILE',
-			id: 'e7778c7e-3af9-49cd-9690-6dbc3e6c972d',
-		},
-
-		accessDenied: {
-			message: 'Access denied.',
-			code: 'ACCESS_DENIED',
-			id: '01a53b27-82fc-445b-a0c1-b558465a8ed2',
-		},
-
-		noSuchFolder: {
-			message: 'No such folder.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FOLDER',
-			id: 'ea8fb7a5-af77-4a08-b608-c0218176cd73',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['ACCESS_DENIED', 'INVALID_FILE_NAME', 'NO_SUCH_FILE', 'NO_SUCH_FOLDER'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -61,17 +37,15 @@ export const paramDef = {
 export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 	const file = await DriveFiles.findOneBy({ id: ps.fileId });

-	if (file == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFile);
-	}
+	if (file == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FILE');

 	if ((!user.isAdmin && !user.isModerator) && (file.userId !== user.id)) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.accessDenied);
+		throw new ApiError('ACCESS_DENIED');
 	}

 	if (ps.name) file.name = ps.name;
 	if (!DriveFiles.validateFileName(file.name)) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.invalidFileName);
+		throw new ApiError('INVALID_FILE_NAME');
 	}

 	if (ps.comment !== undefined) file.comment = ps.comment;
@ -87,9 +61,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 				userId: user.id,
 			});

-			if (folder == null) {
-				throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFolder);
-			}
+			if (folder == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FOLDER');

 			file.folderId = folder.id;
 		}
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/folders/create.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/folders/create.ts
@ -11,13 +11,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:drive',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchFolder: {
-			message: 'No such folder.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FOLDER',
-			id: '53326628-a00d-40a6-a3cd-8975105c0f95',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_FOLDER'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object' as const,
@ -46,9 +40,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 			userId: user.id,
 		});

-		if (parent == null) {
-			throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFolder);
-		}
+		if (parent == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FOLDER');
 	}

 	// Create folder
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/folders/delete.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/folders/delete.ts
@ -10,19 +10,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:drive',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchFolder: {
-			message: 'No such folder.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FOLDER',
-			id: '1069098f-c281-440f-b085-f9932edbe091',
-		},
-
-		hasChildFilesOrFolders: {
-			message: 'This folder has child files or folders.',
-			code: 'HAS_CHILD_FILES_OR_FOLDERS',
-			id: 'b0fc8a17-963c-405d-bfbc-859a487295e1',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['HAS_CHILD_FILES_OR_FOLDERS', 'NO_SUCH_FOLDER'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -41,9 +29,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (folder == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFolder);
-	}
+	if (folder == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FOLDER');

 	const [childFoldersCount, childFilesCount] = await Promise.all([
 		DriveFolders.countBy({ parentId: folder.id }),
@ -51,7 +37,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 	]);

 	if (childFoldersCount !== 0 || childFilesCount !== 0) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.hasChildFilesOrFolders);
+		throw new ApiError('HAS_CHILD_FILES_OR_FOLDERS');
 	}

 	await DriveFolders.delete(folder.id);
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/folders/show.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/folders/show.ts
@ -15,13 +15,7 @@ export const meta = {
 		ref: 'DriveFolder',
 	},

-	errors: {
-		noSuchFolder: {
-			message: 'No such folder.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FOLDER',
-			id: 'd74ab9eb-bb09-4bba-bf24-fb58f761e1e9',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_FOLDER'],
 } as const;

 export const paramDef = {
@ -40,9 +34,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (folder == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFolder);
-	}
+	if (folder == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FOLDER');

 	return await DriveFolders.pack(folder, {
 		detail: true,
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/folders/update.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/drive/folders/update.ts
@ -10,25 +10,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:drive',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchFolder: {
-			message: 'No such folder.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_FOLDER',
-			id: 'f7974dac-2c0d-4a27-926e-23583b28e98e',
-		},
-
-		noSuchParentFolder: {
-			message: 'No such parent folder.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_PARENT_FOLDER',
-			id: 'ce104e3a-faaf-49d5-b459-10ff0cbbcaa1',
-		},
-
-		recursiveNesting: {
-			message: 'It can not be structured like nesting folders recursively.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_PARENT_FOLDER',
-			id: 'ce104e3a-faaf-49d5-b459-10ff0cbbcaa1',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['NO_SUCH_FOLDER', 'NO_SUCH_PARENT_FOLDER', 'RECURSIVE_FOLDER'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -55,15 +37,13 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		userId: user.id,
 	});

-	if (folder == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchFolder);
-	}
+	if (folder == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_FOLDER');

 	if (ps.name) folder.name = ps.name;

 	if (ps.parentId !== undefined) {
 		if (ps.parentId === folder.id) {
-			throw new ApiError(meta.errors.recursiveNesting);
+			throw new ApiError('RECURSIVE_FOLDER');
 		} else if (ps.parentId === null) {
 			folder.parentId = null;
 		} else {
@ -73,9 +53,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 				userId: user.id,
 			});

-			if (parent == null) {
-				throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchParentFolder);
-			}
+			if (parent == null) throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_PARENT_FOLDER');

 			// Check if the circular reference will occur
 			async function checkCircle(folderId: string): Promise<boolean> {
@ -95,7 +73,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {

 			if (parent.parentId !== null) {
 				if (await checkCircle(parent.parentId)) {
-					throw new ApiError(meta.errors.recursiveNesting);
+					throw new ApiError('RECURSIVE_FOLDER');
 				}
 			}

--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/followers.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/followers.ts
@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ import { makePaginationQuery } from '../../common/make-pagination-query.js';
 export const meta = {
 	tags: ['federation'],

-	requireCredential: false,
+	requireCredential: true,
+	requireAdmin: true,

 	res: {
 		type: 'array',
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/following.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/following.ts
@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ import { makePaginationQuery } from '../../common/make-pagination-query.js';
 export const meta = {
 	tags: ['federation'],

-	requireCredential: false,
+	requireCredential: true,
+	requireAdmin: true,

 	res: {
 		type: 'array',
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/instances.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/instances.ts
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import define from '../../define.js';
 export const meta = {
 	tags: ['federation'],

-	requireCredential: false,
+	requireCredential: true,

 	res: {
 		type: 'array',
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/show-instance.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/show-instance.ts
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import define from '../../define.js';
 export const meta = {
 	tags: ['federation'],

-	requireCredential: false,
+	requireCredential: true,

 	res: {
 		oneOf: [{
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/stats.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/stats.ts
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import define from '../../define.js';
 export const meta = {
 	tags: ['federation'],

-	requireCredential: false,
+	requireCredential: true,

 	allowGet: true,
 	cacheSec: 60 * 60,
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/users.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/federation/users.ts
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { makePaginationQuery } from '../../common/make-pagination-query.js';
 export const meta = {
 	tags: ['federation'],

-	requireCredential: false,
+	requireCredential: true,

 	res: {
 		type: 'array',
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/fetch-rss.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/fetch-rss.ts
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ const rssParser = new Parser();
 export const meta = {
 	tags: ['meta'],

-	requireCredential: false,
+	requireCredential: true,
 	allowGet: true,
 	cacheSec: 60 * 3,
 } as const;
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/following/create.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/following/create.ts
@ -18,37 +18,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:following',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchUser: {
-			message: 'No such user.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_USER',
-			id: 'fcd2eef9-a9b2-4c4f-8624-038099e90aa5',
-		},
-
-		followeeIsYourself: {
-			message: 'Followee is yourself.',
-			code: 'FOLLOWEE_IS_YOURSELF',
-			id: '26fbe7bb-a331-4857-af17-205b426669a9',
-		},
-
-		alreadyFollowing: {
-			message: 'You are already following that user.',
-			code: 'ALREADY_FOLLOWING',
-			id: '35387507-38c7-4cb9-9197-300b93783fa0',
-		},
-
-		blocking: {
-			message: 'You are blocking that user.',
-			code: 'BLOCKING',
-			id: '4e2206ec-aa4f-4960-b865-6c23ac38e2d9',
-		},
-
-		blocked: {
-			message: 'You are blocked by that user.',
-			code: 'BLOCKED',
-			id: 'c4ab57cc-4e41-45e9-bfd9-584f61e35ce0',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['ALREADY_FOLLOWING', 'BLOCKING', 'BLOCKED', 'FOLLOWEE_IS_YOURSELF', 'NO_SUCH_USER'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -70,13 +40,11 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 	const follower = user;

 	// 自分自身
-	if (user.id === ps.userId) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.followeeIsYourself);
-	}
+	if (user.id === ps.userId) throw new ApiError('FOLLOWEE_IS_YOURSELF');

 	// Get followee
 	const followee = await getUser(ps.userId).catch(e => {
-		if (e.id === '15348ddd-432d-49c2-8a5a-8069753becff') throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchUser);
+		if (e.id === '15348ddd-432d-49c2-8a5a-8069753becff') throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_USER');
 		throw e;
 	});

@ -86,16 +54,14 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		followeeId: followee.id,
 	});

-	if (exist != null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.alreadyFollowing);
-	}
+	if (exist != null) throw new ApiError('ALREADY_FOLLOWING');

 	try {
 		await create(follower, followee);
 	} catch (e) {
 		if (e instanceof IdentifiableError) {
-			if (e.id === '710e8fb0-b8c3-4922-be49-d5d93d8e6a6e') throw new ApiError(meta.errors.blocking);
-			if (e.id === '3338392a-f764-498d-8855-db939dcf8c48') throw new ApiError(meta.errors.blocked);
+			if (e.id === '710e8fb0-b8c3-4922-be49-d5d93d8e6a6e') throw new ApiError('BLOCKING');
+			if (e.id === '3338392a-f764-498d-8855-db939dcf8c48') throw new ApiError('BLOCKED');
 		}
 		throw e;
 	}
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/following/delete.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/following/delete.ts
@ -17,25 +17,7 @@ export const meta = {

 	kind: 'write:following',

-	errors: {
-		noSuchUser: {
-			message: 'No such user.',
-			code: 'NO_SUCH_USER',
-			id: '5b12c78d-2b28-4dca-99d2-f56139b42ff8',
-		},
-
-		followeeIsYourself: {
-			message: 'Followee is yourself.',
-			code: 'FOLLOWEE_IS_YOURSELF',
-			id: 'd9e400b9-36b0-4808-b1d8-79e707f1296c',
-		},
-
-		notFollowing: {
-			message: 'You are not following that user.',
-			code: 'NOT_FOLLOWING',
-			id: '5dbf82f5-c92b-40b1-87d1-6c8c0741fd09',
-		},
-	},
+	errors: ['FOLLOWEE_IS_YOURSELF', 'NO_SUCH_USER', 'NOT_FOLLOWING'],

 	res: {
 		type: 'object',
@ -57,13 +39,11 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 	const follower = user;

 	// Check if the followee is yourself
-	if (user.id === ps.userId) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.followeeIsYourself);
-	}
+	if (user.id === ps.userId) throw new ApiError('FOLLOWEE_IS_YOURSELF');

 	// Get followee
 	const followee = await getUser(ps.userId).catch(e => {
-		if (e.id === '15348ddd-432d-49c2-8a5a-8069753becff') throw new ApiError(meta.errors.noSuchUser);
+		if (e.id === '15348ddd-432d-49c2-8a5a-8069753becff') throw new ApiError('NO_SUCH_USER');
 		throw e;
 	});

@ -73,9 +53,7 @@ export default define(meta, paramDef, async (ps, user) => {
 		followeeId: followee.id,
 	});

-	if (exist == null) {
-		throw new ApiError(meta.errors.notFollowing);
-	}
+	if (exist == null) throw new ApiError('NOT_FOLLOWING');

 	await deleteFollowing(follower, followee);

--- a/Show more
+++ b/Show more